Full
Outline
To understand the main dietary heavy metal pollution situation of Huanggang residents, and to analyze the sources of pollution, and evaluate the health risks of heavy metal intake through dietary pathways.
From 2019 to 2023, a total of 1 402 samples from 11 major categories and 30 subcategories were collected and detected in ten counties and districts of Huanggang City. The Nemerow contamination index method, Spearman rank correlation test, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were usedto comprehensively evaluate the food contamination situation and possible sources. Evaluate the non carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of the population using the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) and total target carcinogenic risk (TTCR).
The average content of heavy metals(Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr) in food was 0.007-0.217 mg/kg, 0.001-0.632 mg/kg, 0.001-0.012 mg/kg, 0.003-0.103 mg/kg, and 0.005-0.376 mg/kg, respectively. The detection rate of heavy metals was 0.0%-100.0%, and the exceedance rate was 0.0%-31.7%. Except for Hg, there were statistically significant differences in the content, detection rate, and exceedance rate of heavy metals in different types of food (P<0.001). The detection rate and exceedance rate of heavy metals in edible fungi were relatively high. Region, season, stage, processing level, moisture content, and packaging level were all influencing factors of heavy metal content in food. The two possible sources of heavy metals in edible fungi were industrial emissions and traffic exhaust. Except for bamboo fungus and shiitake mushrooms, which were heavily and mildly contaminated respectively, all other foods were safe. The TTHQ of different populations was between 1 and 10, and the TTCR was greater than 1×10-4. Children had higher TTHQ than adults, and females had higher TTCR than males. The main sources of heavy metals for TTHQ and TTCR in the population were total As and Cd.
The overall degree of heavy metal pollution in the main diets of Huanggang City is still within a controllable range. There may be certain cumulative health risks of heavy metals for residents through dietary intake, and special attention should be paid to the health risks of children.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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