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Outline
To explore the impact of early life factors on the initial establishment of infant gut microbiota and their association with allergic diseases in infancy.
A nested case-control study was conducted involving 82 samples from the maternal-infant cohorts established at West China Second University Hospital and Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital.
In the vaginal delivery group, the incidence of allergic diseases in infants (30.30%) was lower than that in the cesarean section group (51.02%), with no statistically significant difference; in the breastfeeding group, the incidence (31.81%) was lower than that in the mixed feeding group (55.26%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.063; P=0.032). On day 0, the Simpson index in the allergic group was significantly higher than that in the healthy group (P<0.05). By day 30, the healthy group exhibited more favorable microbial richness-related indices of the gut microbiota. On day 7, the relative abundance of Bdellovibrionota in the allergic mixed-fed group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in feces was significantly higher in the healthy group than in the allergic group on day 7 (P<0.05), and the abundance of Bifidobacterium in breast milk of the healthy group remained higher than that of the allergic group from day 0 to day 30.
Vaginal delivery is conducive to maintaining the diversity of gut microbiota in early infancy and establishing a gut microbiota pattern dominated by Bifidobacterium. Meanwhile, breastfeeding promotes the colonization of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, thereby reducing the long-term risk of allergies in infants.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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