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Outline
To examine the temporal relationship between the peak velocity of physical fitness development and peak height velocity (PHV) in children and adolescents, and to explore sex differences in this relationship.
This longitudinal study included 13 513 primary and secondary school students from Shiyan, China, with six consecutive years of complete measurements between 2015 and 2024, yielding 101 969 observations. Annual height growth velocity and physical fitness development velocity were calculated. Locally weighted regression was used to identify peak ages and to compute the temporal difference between peak physical fitness velocity and PHV. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to evaluate the effects of fitness type and sex on the temporal difference.
The mean age at PHV was 12.07±1.46 years for boys, significantly later than 11.07±1.46 years for girls (P<0.001). The peak ages of physical fitness development velocity were mainly concentrated between 12 and 13 years, and all occurred after PHV (all P<0.001). Linear mixed-effects modeling indicated that girls exhibited an overall delay of 0.598 years compared with boys (95%CI: 0.511-0.685, P<0.001). The peak velocities of physical fitness development were delayed relative to PHV by approximately 0.52-0.64 years in boys and 1.13-1.22 years in girls, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001).
Peak physical fitness development velocity generally lags behind PHV in children and adolescents, with a significantly greater delay observed in girls than in boys.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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