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Outline
To investigate the pollution status of heavy metals (Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in rice produced in Wuxi City and assess their potential health risks.
From 2021 to 2024, 157 rice samples were collected from rice planting areas A and B under the jurisdiction of Wuxi. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect target elements. Single factor pollution index (Pi) and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method were used to evaluate the pollution level of rice produced in Wuxi City, and health risks were evaluated by environmental health risk assessment model.
The annual average concentrations of various heavy metals were within the standard limits, with the mean values ranging from high to low as Cr>As>inorganic As>Pb>Cd>Hg. The coefficient of variation for each element ranged from 33.12%to 352.94%. The single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index of Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in areas A and B were all less than 0.6, indicating a safe level. The total carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was 3.51×10-4, with inorganic As having the highest carcinogenic risk of 2.68×10-4. The individual non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals and the combined health risk index of multiple heavy metals were all less than 1, with inorganic As having the highest non-carcinogenic risk of 5.95 × 10-1.
The heavy metal pollution in rice produced in Wuxi was at a safe level, and the distribution of heavy metal pollution in the samples was uneven. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals from rice produced in Wuxi were at acceptable levels.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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