To evaluate the effectiveness of the Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu, identify service-deficient areas, and to propose optimized site selection strategies for the construction of Chest Pain Treatment Units (CPUs).

Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied in combination with Voronoi and the Baidu Maps route planning API to quantitatively analyze service areas and population accessibility of existing chest pain centers. Emergency service gaps were identified by simulating round-trip ambulance transfer scenarios, using a threshold of travel time exceeding 2 hours. Spatial neighborhood and overlay analyses were conducted, and primary healthcare institutions were screened for upgrading to CPUs based on a “tier-priority” principle.

The current Cardiac Services Network in Chengdu covers 99.5% of the permanent resident population; however, 54 residential settlements in remote suburban areas exhibit insufficient accessibility. Model simulations suggest that upgrading six suburban primary healthcare institutions to CPUs would reduce the average treatment time for chest pain patients in underserved areas from 95.7 minutes (95%CI: 93.76-97.48) to 32.2 minutes (95%CI: 29.12-37.36), representing a 66.4% reduction (α=0.05, P<0.001).

Although the chest pain emergency network in Chengdu has largely achieved comprehensive coverage, targeted capacity enhancement in remote suburban areas remains necessary. Spatially tiered optimization strategies can significantly shorten treatment time and provide valuable references for emergency care system planning in similar urban settings.