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To analyze the influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents, providing references for precise myopia prevention.
A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 660 students aged 9 to 18 from six schools in Jiading District, Shanghai, for vision testing and questionnaire surveys from September to October of 2021.The random forest model was utilized to rank the importance of myopia influencing factors, and the sliding window sequential forward selection method was applied for dimensionality reduction. The factors with the highest importance scores and the lowest average out-of-bag estimation error rates were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis model to estimate the direction and effect values of the influencing factors.
The myopia rate among the 1 660 children and adolescents was 71.99%. The random forest model indicated that the average out-of-bag estimation error rate was minimized when the number of variables was six. When incorporated into the multifactorial logistic regression analysis model, the results showed that advancing educational stage (junior high: OR=5.191, 95%CI: 3.738-7.209; senior high: OR=6.989, 95%CI: 4.309-11.338), parental myopia (one parent myopic: OR=3.669, 95%CI: 2.723-4.943; both parents myopic: OR=5.231, 95%CI: 3.510-7.795), increased reading and writing duration (<1h: OR=12.192, 95%CI: 3.373-44.066; 1-2h: OR=11.985, 95%CI: 3.364-42.704; ≥2h:OR=10.547, 95%CI: 2.957-37.622), participation in extracurricular classes (<6 years: OR=3.114, 95%CI: 2.046-4.740; ≥6 years: OR=1.817, 95%CI: 1.351-2.444), and using only ceiling lights for reading and writing at home after dark (OR=2.921,95%CI: 2.009-4.248) were identified as risk factors for myopia. In contrast, a sleep duration of ≥8 hours (OR=0.383, 95%CI:0.264-0.557) was identified as a protective factor against myopia.
The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents is high, and targeted measures should be implemented based on the identified influencing factors for myopia prevention and control.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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