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To observe the effects of breastfeeding on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in infants and how they affect the occurrence of infant allergies.
A nested case-control study was conducted in an existing mother-infant cohort. A total of 48 infants were selected as study subjects and divided into a healthy/allergic mixed feeding group and a breastfeeding group. Fecal samples were collected at 15 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. The contents of three SCFAs in the samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the bifidobacteria in infant feces were quantitatively analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
Feeding patterns mainly affected bifidobacteria at 15 days and 1 month. The bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was significantly higher than that in allergic mixed-fed infants at 15 days (7.75±0.60 CFU/g vs 6.28±0.28 CFU/g, t=2.232, P=0.047). At 1 month, the bifidobacteria level in healthy mixed-fed infants was higher than that in healthy breastfed infants (8.01±0.50 CFU/g vs 6.62±0.13 CFU/g, t=2.712, P=0.027). There were differences in the main SCFAs between healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. On day 15, the acetic acid content in the healthy breastfeeding group was significantly higher than that in the allergic breastfeeding group and the healthy mixed feeding group (1 035.10 μg/g vs 285.55±90.64 μg/g, t=3.698, P=0.034; 1 035.10 μg/g vs 406.11±63.19 μg/g, t=3.148, P=0.014), and the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was higher than that in the allergic mixed feeding group (128.00±32.24 μg/g vs 12.61±3.90 μg/g, t=3.553, P=0.007). At 6 and 12 months, the propionic acid content in the healthy mixed feeding group was lower than that in the allergic mixed feeding group. There were varying degrees of correlation between SCFAs and bifidobacteria in the intestines of healthy and allergic infants with different feeding patterns. In the healthy group, a simple and stable relationship between bifidobacteria and SCFAs was observed in mixed-fed infants, while in the allergic group, the relationship between SCFAs and bifidobacteria was complex and had no obvious pattern.
Feeding patterns affect the occurrence of infant allergies by influencing intestinal flora and SCFAs in infants. Mixed-fed infants are more prone to allergies, while breastfeeding has a significant protective effect on the intestines of allergic infants.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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