To investigate the positive rate of HBsAg and HBsAb in the population born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province.

By using stratified cluster sampling method, venous blood samples were collected from 8 126 people born after 2004 from 2016 to 2022 in 11 districts and cities of Jiangxi Province, and the sera were separated. HBsAg and HBsAb were detected by Elisa method, and the positive rate was calculated. The chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of positive rate among different groups.

The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb among people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province were 1.40% and 74.92%, respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg in males and females were 1.14% and 1.80%, respectively (χ²=6.18, P=0.013) and the positive rates of HBsAb were 75.55% and 74.00%, respectively (χ²=2.51, P=0.113). The positive rates of HBsAg were 1.17%, 1.31%, 2.14%, and 3.12% (χ²=13.49, P=0.004) at the age of 4, 9, 14, and 15 to 18 years, respectively, and the positive rates of HBsAb were 85.65%, 60.26%, 50.04%, and 46.42%, respectively (χ²=9.90, P <0.001). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in urban and rural areas were 1.62% and 1.14% (χ²=11.99, P=0.001), 74.18%and 75.81%, respectively (χ²=2.83, P=0.095). The positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb in people born before and after 2012 were 2.18% and 1.14%, 52.18%, and 82.28%, respectively (χ²=7.64, P < 0.001). The positive rate of HBsAg in 11 districts and cities was between 0.45% and 2.79% (χ²=37.18, P < 0.001), and the positive rate of HBsAb was between 69.88% and 84.30% (χ²=65.61, P < 0.001).

The positive rate of HBsAg among the people born during 2004 and 2022 in Jiangxi Province is low, and the prevention and control of hepatitis B is effective. There are population and regional differences in the prevalence of HBsAg and HBsAb. Targeted measures should be taken to further improve the effect of prevention and control.