To systematically collate and comparatively analyze the requirements and justifications for the age range of cervical cancer screening as outlined in the guidelines of major countries globally. This study is intended to provide a scientific reference for determining the appropriate age range and methods for cervical cancer screening in China. Our research has found that during the period from 2005 to 2016, the onset age of cervical cancer in China consistently remained between 25 to 30 years, with the peak age of incidence rising from 45 years in 2006 to approximately 50 years by 2016. According to data from 2020, the age distribution of the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in China is similar to that in middle and high-income countries internationally and in other Asian countries. In response to the age characteristics of cervical cancer incidence, the screening guidelines of major countries generally recommend initiating cervical cancer screening for women between the ages of 25 to 30. The World Health Organization’s 2020 “Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer” also suggests starting screening at the age of 30. However, the starting age for the “Rural Women's Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Project” implemented in China since 2009 has been 35 years. In recent years, consensus among domestic gynecological experts and health economic evaluations of cervical cancer screening have suggested adjusting the starting age to 25 or 30 years when resources are sufficient. In light of this, this paper recommends that the Chinese government should conduct a systematic scientific assessment, taking into consideration factors such as the regional incidence of cervical cancer, screening coverage, financial capacity, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, and screening capabilities. It is suggested to consider advancing the starting age for the national free cervical cancer screening program from the current 35 years to 30 years, and to determine appropriate screening methods and intervals based on age characteristics, in order to more effectively achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, and thereby reduce the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer.