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To explore the relationship between screen time and mental health problems of adolescents using restricted cubic spline model.
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 960 junior and senior high school students in Jinan, Weifang and Qingdao cities of Shandong Province from February to March 2023. Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline model were used to analyze the correlation strength and dose-response relationship between screen time and psychological problems. Result 46.41% of adolescents in middle and high school had mental problems, and 29.70% reported that screen time(ST)>2 h/d. There was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between mild psychological problems and ST on rest day (Pnonlinear＝0.003, Poverall＝0.003), and the curve was approximately "J" shaped, and the risk increased beyond 1.5 h/d. ST>2 h/d on rest days was associated with mild psychological problems (OR=1.300, 95% CI;1.085-1.558). Stratified analysis showed that there was a nonlinear correlation between ST on rest day and mild mental problems (Pnonlinear<0.001), and a linear correlation between ST and moderate mental problems (Pnonlinear>0.05)(Poverall<0.001). Only smartphones and tablets were linearly associated with mild mental health problems (Poverall＝0.004), with increased risk beyond 2.0 h/d.
The average screen time over 1.5 h/d increases the risk of psychological problems. It is suggested to lighten students'study burden after class and reduce the use of electronic devices on rest days.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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