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Toanalyze epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of mumps in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 and provide reference for the prevention and control of mumps.
The incidence data of Mumps in Qinghai Province from 2014 to 2023 were collected, and the descriptive method was used to analyze the change changing pattern of Mumps incidence. Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) was established, the mean regression coefficients were calculated, and different factors (Social factors: GDP per capita, number of students in schools; Natural factors: annual average temperature, annual average wind speed, annual total precipitation, annual total sunshine hours) on the incidence of Mumps.
From 2014 to 2023, a total of 14 278 cases of Mumps were reported in Qinghai Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 24.06/100 000, of which the highest in 2019 (65.62/100 000) and the lowest in 2016 (8.28/100 000). The seasonal index showed that Mumps showed a bimodal epidemic trend in winter and summer. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.2:1, the highest number of cases was found in 5-<15 years old (40.66%) and 15-<25 years old (35.94%); and the occupation was dominated by students (69.15%). The incidence rate was the highest in Xining City (29.29/100 000 people) and the lowest in Yushu Prefecture (8.49/100 000 people). The GTWR model results showed that there were positive associations between annual average temperature, per capita GDP, annual total precipitation and the incidence of Mumps; and negative associations between the number of students in schools, annual average wind speed, and annual total sunshine hours with the incidence rate of Mumps.
The reported incidence of Mumps in Qinghai showed an overall downward trend. Focus on children and students aged 5 to 25 in Xining; social and natural factors have spatial heterogeneity on the incidence of Mumps, and regional prevention and control measures can be formulated in each region according to the actual situation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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