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To explore the association between social isolation, loneliness, and smoking behavior among Chinese older adults.
In this study, data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected and statistically analyzed using Stata 17.0. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between social isolation, loneliness, and smoking behavior. Multiple interpolation with chained equations was used to fill in missing values and perform sensitivity analyses.
A total of 9 234 older adults aged 60 years and above were included, and the prevalence of social isolation and loneliness was 30.88% and 31.48%, respectively. Multi-model adjustment showed that socially isolated (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.23-1.57) older adults were at greater risk of smoking. Subgroup analyses of age and gender showed a greater risk in 65-<75 years (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.04-1.50), and men (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.07-1.44). No association between loneliness (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.95-1.25) and smoking behavior was observed, and the results of sensitivity analyses remained consistent.
In China, the older adults who are socially isolated are more likely to smoke. Therefore a tripartite effort by society, community and family is needed to pay attention to the social contact as well as social participation of older adults, particularly the high-risk groups of social isolation and smoking behaviors, in order to improve the healthy behavior among the older.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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