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To assess the internal exposure level of pentachlorophenol (PCP) among residents of traditional agricultural production areas in Guangzhou and analyze its possible influencing factors.
From June to August 2023, a two-stage random sampling method was used to select village/neighborhood committees and households in a town in a traditional agricultural production area of Guangzhou. All eligible permanent residents older than 6 years from the selected households were selected as the research subjects. Questionnaire survey, physical examination and urine sample collection were carried out on a household basis. The concentration of PCP in urine was detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and the health risk of residents exposed to PCP was evaluated. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of urinary PCP exposure.
The actual effective sample size of this study was 284, aged 7-85 years. The detection rate of PCP in urine was 92.3% (262/284), and the detection value ranged from <LOD to 18.010 μg/L. The median urinary concentrations of pentachlorophenol for non-creatinine-adjusted and creatinine-adjusted were 0.625 μg/L and 0.611 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The median exposure of residents to PCP based on creatinine-corrected urinary PCP concentrations was 0.013 μg/(kg·BW·d) and the maximum exposure was 0.735 μg/(kg·BW·d), lower than the reference dose of 5 μg/(kg·BW·d) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Multiple regression analysis found higher urinary PCP exposure in residents with low education (GM ratio=0.549, 95% CI: 0.339-0.890), long outdoor activities (GM ratio=1.393, 95% CI: 1.005-1.931) and pets at home (GMratio=0.674, 95% CI: 0.457-0.995), and lower urinary PCP levels were in residents with low BMI (GM ratio=0.758, 95% CI: 0.602-0.953).
The 284 residents in traditional agricultural production areas of Guangzhou were generally exposed to PCP, but the level of internal exposure posed an acceptable risk to their health.Educational level, BMI, outdoor activity time, and keeping pets at home were factors that affected the level of urinary PCP exposure.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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