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To investigate the independent and joint effects of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the metabolic syndrome risk in adults.
Data were obtained from the surveillance and investigation of chronic diseases and risk factors in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO at 1-kilometre spatial resolution were matched according to participants’ residential addresses, and the average levels of these air pollutants over the 1-year period before the survey conducted were calculated to assign individual-level exposure. Multilevel logistic regression and weighted quantile sum regression models were applied to evaluate the independent and joint effects of air pollutant exposure on the risk for metabolic syndrome, respectively.
A total of 24 322 adults were included in the final analysis, with a metabolic syndrome prevalence of 39.8%. Higher exposure to PM2.5(OR=1.011, 95%CI:1.001-1.020) and O3 (OR=1.012, 95%CI: 1.005-1.018) were associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Subgroup analyses showed that exposure to PM2.5 was positively associated with risk for metabolic syndrome among rural residents (OR=1.018, 95%CI: 1.006-1.030), and the positive association between exposure to O3 and metabolic syndrome were found in adults beyond 60 years (OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.008-1.023) and those physically active (OR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.008-1.022). The WQS regression revealed a positive association between long-term exposure to air pollutant mixtures and the metabolic syndrome risk (OR=1.188, 95%CI: 1.129-1.251), with O3, CO, and PM2.5 contributing 44.3%, 34.8%, and 20.8% to the joint effect, respectively.
Both long-term individual and joint exposures to air pollutants are positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk in adults, with the joint exposure showing a stronger adverse effect primarily driven by O3, CO, and PM2.5. To mitigate metabolic syndrome risk in adults, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented to reduce exposure to air pollutants.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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