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Regarding the effect of alcohol intake on the risk of gout, existing studies have shown a diversity of conclusions. Therefore, we conducted Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between various types of alcohol intake and the risk of gout.
Instrumental Variables (IVs) were obtained from Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) databases. We used the TwoSampleMR package in R to perform MR analysis with the Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method. The Cochran Q test was employed to assess heterogeneity, and the intercept and P-value from MR-Egger regression were used to test and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Leave-One-Out (LOO) method.
The MR analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between Beer/Cider Intake and Gout (logOR=1.187, 95%CI: 0.033 - 2.340, P=0.044). A significant negative causal association was found between White Wine Intake and Gout (logOR=-0.878,95%CI: -1.626--0.131, P=0.021). Similarly, Red Wine Consumption showed a significant negative causal association with gout (logOR=-6.514, 95%CI: -10.678--2.350, P=0.002). Fortified Wine Intake demonstrated a significant positive causal association with Gout (logOR=2.045,95%CI:0.097-3.994, P=0.040). When all types of alcohol were considered as a whole, a significant negative causal association with gout was observed (logOR=-1.462, 95%CI:-2.801--0.123, P=0.032). Spirits showed pleiotropy in relation to gout (P<0.05) and were therefore not included in the analysis.
The MR analysis results indicate that Beer/Cider Intake and Fortified Wine Intake may be a risk factor for the development of gout; Whereas White Wine Intake and Red Wine Consumption may reduce the incidence of gout. When all types of alcohol were considered as a whole, their consumption may reduce the risk of gout.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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