To analyze the composition, mortality, and corresponding trends of hospitalized patients with malignant tumors in Chengdu from 2016 to 2020, providing an effective reference for cancer prevention and control in Chengdu and its districts and counties.

Based on relevant information from the first hospitalization records of malignant tumor patients in 87 municipal and county-level hospitals in Chengdu from 2016 to 2020, this study analyzed the composition of hospitalized malignant tumor patients, the incidence by age group, mortality, and their trends across different regions of Chengdu.

From 2016 to 2020, the total number of first-time hospitalized malignant tumor patients in Chengdu’s 87 hospitals was 287 901 (165 359 males and 122 542 females). The top five malignant tumor cases were lung cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, and colon cancer. Over the five years, the total number of hospitalized malignant tumor patients in the city showed an increasing trend, rising from 46 377 cases in 2016 to 65 488 cases in 2020, with a fixed-base growth rate of 41.2%.In 2020, compared to 2016, the number of hospitalized malignant tumor patients decreased in Xinjin District, Shuangliu District, Pengzhou city, and Dayi County, with decrease rates of 44.7%, 10.3%, 6.0%, and 1.9%, respectively; while in other districts and counties, the number of hospitalized malignant tumor patients increased, with the fastest growth observed in Pidu District, Wuhou District, Jinjiang District, Wenjiang District, and Jintang County, with fixed-base growth rates of 143.0%,119.6%, 111.0%, 56.3%, and 53.4%, respectively. The number of deaths among hospitalized malignant tumor patients was 21 381 (13 808 males and 7 573 females), with the mortality from various malignant tumors increasing annually, from 3 742 cases in 2016 to 4 504 cases in 2020, resulting in a fixed-base growth rate of 20.4%. The top five malignant tumors by mortality were lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer.

The burden of malignant tumors in Chengdu is increasing, with slight variations in the composition and mortality of malignant tumors across different districts and counties, indicating the need for localized cancer prevention and control policies.