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To investigate the heterogeneous development trajectories of early depression symptoms in adolescents and their influencing factors.
A cluster sampling method was employed to conduct four follow-up surveys from March 2023 to September 2024, targeting 1 118 seventh-grade students from junior high schools in the Hunan-Hubei-Chongqing-Guizhou border area. Each survey was spaced six months apart, utilizing the Depression Symptoms Scale, Family Support Scale,Peer Relationship Scale, and School Connection Scale. Group-based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) was used to explore the heterogeneous development trajectories of early depression symptoms in adolescents, while multi-class logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify the relevant factors associated with different latent developmental trajectories.
Four subtypes were identified: “G1: Low Risk-Deterioration Group” (8.27%), “G2: High Risk-Persistent Group”(3.73%), “G3: Low Risk-Stable Group” (78.24%), and “G4: High Risk-Relief Group” (9.76%). Using the G3 group as a reference, the protective factors for the G1 group included being male (OR=0.417, 95%CI: 0.297-0.585), family support (OR=0.870, 95%CI: 0.641-0.923), peer relationships (OR=0.829, 95%CI: 0.740-0.998), and school connection (OR=0.865, 95%CI:0.725-0.906); risk factors included boarding (OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.154-2.010), being left-behind (OR=2.196, 95%CI: 1.376-3.503), single-parent families (OR=2.247, 95%CI: 1.456-3.468), and low Family Economic Status (FSES) (OR=1.548, 95%CI:1.371-2.451). For the G2 group, protective factors included being male (OR=0.318, 95%CI: 0.263-0.521), family support (OR=0.856, 95%CI: 0.817-0.991), and peer relationships (OR=0.849, 95%CI: 0.711-0.988); risk factors were boarding (OR=1.332,95%CI: 1.022-2.058), being left-behind (OR=1.422, 95%CI: 1.211-3.218), single-parent families (OR=2.953, 95%CI: 1.659-4.256), and low FSES (OR=2.469, 95%CI: 1.188-3.128). For the G4 group, being male (OR=1.350, 95%CI: 1.001-1.513) was identified as a risk factor, while family support (OR=0.892, 95%CI: 0.751-0.943) and school connection (OR=0.846, 95%CI:0.705-0.961) were protective factors.
There is significant group heterogeneity and individual variability in early depression symptoms among adolescents. It is crucial to focus on the “Low Risk-Deterioration Group” and “High Risk-Persistent Group” to enhance the breadth and depth of their interpersonal support networks.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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