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To investigate the effects of nickel cobalt manganese lithium (NCM) on the metabolic pathways of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).
The MTS assay was employed to assess the impact of NCM on the viability of BEAS-2B cells, determining exposure concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. Cell samples were collected after 48 hours of exposure. Intracellular metabolites were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was utilized to investigate changes in the metabolic profile. Differential metabolites were selected based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probes were used to assess the effects of NCM on cellular ultrastructure and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).
Compared to the control group, exposure to different concentrations of NCM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of BEAS-2B cells. A total of 788 substances were detected in the metabolomic samples; 281, 284, and 274 differential metabolites were identified at exposure concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Among these, 82 differential metabolites were common across all exposure groups, with the highest proportion being lipid metabolites. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation. NCM exposure led to mitochondrial swelling, reduced cristae, and fragmentation in BEAS-2B cells, significantly decreasing MMP levels.
NCM exposure has a pronounced impact on the metabolic profile of BEAS-2B cells and induces mitochondrial damage, with the toxicological pathways primarily involving coenzyme Q biosynthesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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