To analyze the transmission characteristics of the CRF105_0108 subtype in Luzhou, aiming to provide a scientific basis for effective control of its spread in the region.

Genetic sequences obtained from drug-resistant testing of antiretroviral therapy failures among AIDS/HIV patients in Luzhou from 2017 to 2023 were collected for subtype and genotype resistance analysis. The molecular transmission network of CRF105_0108 was constructed using genetic distance methods, and factors influencing network inclusion were analyzed.

A total of 61 CRF105_0108 gene sequences were obtained. A molecular transmission network was constructed at a 1.5% genetic distance, achieving an inclusion rate of 80.33%(49/61), forming 3 molecular clusters and 247 edges. A high-resolution molecular transmission network was constructed at a 0.6% genetic distance, with an inclusion rate of 40.98% (25/61), forming 9 molecular clusters and 22 edges. Univariate analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in network inclusion based on different residential locations (χ²=12.739, P=0.025), while differences in gender and other factors were not statistically significant. The genotype resistance rate for the CRF105_0108 subtype was 54.10% (33/61), with 8 samples exhibiting dual resistance to NRTI and NNRTI.

The transmission of the CRF105_0108 subtype in Luzhou may have formed a large transmission cluster. It is recommended to conduct genetic subtype monitoring and pre-treatment resistance testing for newly reported AIDS/HIV patients, to dynamically monitor the constructed transmission network, and to implement timely intervention measures for high-risk transmitters, thereby enhancing the specificity of antiretroviral therapy and improving the precision of prevention and control efforts.