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To investigate the longitudinal association between glycemic profile and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as the impact of genetic susceptibility on this association.
Utilizing baseline survey and genetic data from the UK Biobank, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the correlation between baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and glycemic status with the onset of CKD, along with the role of genetic susceptibility in this relationship.
A total of 81 059 participants were included in this study, with 15.2% classified as prediabetic and 6.9%as diabetic. During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years, 3 637 new cases of CKD were observed. Multivariable-adjusted models indicated that both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes significantly increased the risk of developing CKD compared to participants with normal blood glucose levels, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 2.04 (95%CI:1.85-2.25) and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.00-1.18), respectively. A clear risk gradient was observed when HbA1c was below the diabetes threshold; participants with HbA1c ≥6.6% had approximately double the risk of CKD compared to those with HbA1c <5.0%. A significant multiplicative interaction between glycemic status and genetic risk was found (P interaction <0.001). In all genetic risk groups, hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of CKD. Among participants with high genetic risk, those with both T2D and high genetic risk exhibited the highest CKD risk (HR=6.67, 95%CI: 5.75-7.74) compared to those with low genetic risk and normal blood glucose.
Glycemic status is associated with the risk of CKD across all genetic risk groups.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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