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To analyze the influencing factors of hearing loss among workers in different workshop noise operations in a certain automobile manufacturing enterprise, and propose corresponding protective suggestions.
A stratified cluster sampling method was employed, and on-site questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect basic information, personal history, occupational history, and exposure status of the study subjects. Physical examinations were performed to obtain their hearing results. The study subjects were divided into four groups based on different workshops: the stamping workshop, the assembly workshop, the painting workshop, and the welding workshop. They were also categorized into two groups based on hearing: the normal hearing group and the hearing loss group. The relationship between various exposure characteristics and hearing loss was analyzed for 1 411 noise-exposed workers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, categorized by different workshops and hearing groups.
The detection rate of hearing loss in the research subjects was 20.13% (284/1 411), with the highest detection rate in the assembly workshop (25.00%). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among different workshops (P<0.05). The differences in noise exposure levels and noise exposure duration among the four workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05); The detection rate of hearing loss in noise combined with organic solvent exposure was the highest (34.55%), significantly higher than that in noise combined with dust (21.69%), noise combined with other factors (20.00%), and noise alone (15.47%), with statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.01). The detection rate of hearing loss in the noise combined with organic solvent exposure group was the highest in the final assembly and welding workshops, and the differences between different exposure groups in the two workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that workers exposed to noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust had 2.67 times (P<0.01) and 1.43 times (P<0.05) higher risk of hearing loss, respectively, compared to those exposed to noise alone.
The exposure of noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust in automobile manufacturing enterprises is the main influencing factor of hearing loss among workers. The detection rate of hearing loss in the final assembly workshop is the highest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen noise control and health protection in the workplace, and implement occupational health monitoring.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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