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To investigate the differences in gut microbiota and energy metabolism among individuals with varying body mass index (BMI) levels, and to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity.
A total of 98 healthy adults were recruited from Chengdu, categorized into four groups based on BMI: overweight (n=16), obesity (n=15), underweight (n=16), and normal weight (n=51). Participants underwent questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, body composition analysis, biochemical tests, and energy expenditure measurements. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Univariate analysis of variance and chi-square tests were performed to compare differences in gut microbiota structure and energy metabolism among the four groups.
Gut microbiota structure analysis: Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota structure among the four groups, with statistical significance in ACE and Chao1 indices (P=0.003, P=0.003). The normal weight group exhibited higher ACE and Chao1 indices compared to other groups, indicating a higher species richness. The relative abundance of different bacteria varied across groups. Compared to the normal weight group, the overweight, obese, and underweight groups showed reduced species richness and lower relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. Functional metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota were altered in these groups, with significant differences in the synthesis and metabolism of various amino acids, including glycine, in the overweight and obese groups (P=0.009, P=0.032).Correlation with BMI and energy expenditure indicators: The gut microbiota structure was associated with different levels of energy metabolism indicators. Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) (P=0.011), while Bifidobacterium animalis was negatively correlated with BMI and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (P<0.001), and positively correlated with CIT (P=0.029).
There are differences in gut microbiota structure and functional metabolic pathways among individuals with different BMI levels. The gut microbiota structure is associated with various energy metabolism indicators at different levels. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may play a role in energy metabolism and could be a potential target for interventions aimed at preventing and treating overweight and obesity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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