To assess the current status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy (OHL) among key populations in Yunnan Province.

In accordance with the requirements of the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention Technical Plan, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select workers from three key industries in the secondary sector and five key industries in the tertiary sector in Yunnan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their OHL levels. The pearson χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of OHL.

In 2023, the sample of Yunnan Province included 9 718 people. The overall OHL level was 48.4%, with the OHL level of the secondary sector was 55.0% and that of tertiary industry was 45.5%. Female workers had significantly higher OHL levels than males (χ²=11.529, P<0.05); higher income (χ²=166.574, P_{for trend}<0.001) and higher education levels (χ²=99.473, P_{for trend}<0.001) were positively associated with OHL levels. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that using “junior high school and below” and “monthly income<3 000 yuan” as reference groups, having a college degree or above (OR=1.180, 95% CI:1.042-1.335) and a monthly income of ≥9 000 yuan (OR=2.615, 95% CI:1.967-3.477) were protective factors for higher OHL levels (P<0.05). Using state-owned enterprises as the reference, working in private enterprises (OR=0.854, 95% CI:0.763-0.956) and public institutions (OR=0.865, 95% CI:0.756-0.991) were risk factors for OHL levels (P<0.05).

The OHL level in Yunnan Province needs to be further improved. Low-income groups, individuals with lower educational backgrounds, and workers in emerging industries should be key targets for future attention and intervention. To enhance OHL levels and safeguard workers’ health, targeted education and awareness campaigns should be designed based on the specific characteristics of each group.