To estimate the utilization of cancer screening and physical examinations in Beijing and analyses its main influencing factors, and to provide evidence for improving cancer prevention and control strategy.

From November to December 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 35 to 74 from 10 districts in Beijing using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling and random sampling. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was employed to explore the potential factors influencing residents’ cancer screening behavior.

A total of 4 452 residents were included in the analysis, with 39.4% having undergone cancer screenings or physical examinations within the past 5 years. Female residents (OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.52), those with basic medical insurance (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.41-1.89), residents with a family history of cancer (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.78-2.50), and those willing to uptake cancer screening and physical examinations (OR =1.71, 95% CI: 1.46-2.01) were more likely to have cancer screening(P<0.05).

The utilization rate of cancer screening and physical examinations among residents in Beijing remains low. To address this issue, measures such as innovating “individual-family” and “extended-family” cancer screening models, promoting the translation of cancer prevention knowledge into actionable behaviors, supporting the adoption of appropriate screening technologies, and establishing and intelligent management system should be implemented. These measures will comprehensively improve the coverage of cancer screening and physical examination services among residents, thereby achieving cancer early diagnosis and treatment, and contributing to the Healthy China initiative.