Full
Outline
To systematically compare the relative effects of different exercise interventions on grip strength, timed up and go test (TUGT), balance function, and skeletal muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty.
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched from inception to January 17, 2026 for randomized controlled trials. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Nineteen randomized controlled trials were included (18 entered the network meta-analysis), involving 1 838 participants. For grip strength, active resistance/strength-endurance training showed the greatest benefit ［SMD=1.18, 95%CI (0.75 to 1.61)］, followed by mixed intensive training; Yijinjing and Baduanjin were superior to education/attention control. After TUGT stratification, some single and mixed interventions showed statistically significant effects, but the confidence intervals were wide. No stable evidence of superiority was observed for balance function or skeletal muscle mass.
The effects of different exercise interventions were outcome-specific. Current evidence supports active resistance/strength-endurance training for improving grip strength. For TUGT, some single or mixed interventions may confer benefit, but these findings should be interpreted only within their respective subnetworks. Stable evidence is still lacking for balance function and skeletal muscle mass.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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