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Outline
Phenotypic age acceleration is an important risk phenotype for multiple chronic diseases. Nutrient supplements are widely used among middle-aged and older adults, often in combination, as a potential strategy to address age-related health concerns. However, the associations between supplement combinations and phenotypic age acceleration remain insufficiently evaluated. This study aims to examine the associations of supplement use and common combinations with phenotypic age acceleration.
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the UK Biobank, including 415 636 participants aged 40-69 years. Multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the associations between supplement use and phenotypic age acceleration.
Regular supplement users accounted for 50.6% of participants, and had lower phenotypic age acceleration than non-users (β=-0.18 years, 95% CI: -0.21~-0.15). Phenotypic age acceleration decreased non-linearly with increasing number of supplements. Use of glucosamine, fish oil, or multivitamins alone was associated with lower phenotypic age acceleration, with the strongest association observed for glucosamine (β=-0.39 years, 95% CI: -0.47~-0.30). The association was stronger for the combination of glucosamine and fish oil (β=-0.60 years, 95% CI: -0.69~-0.52). Adding vitamin C or calcium to this combination also showed negative associations, whereas combinations containing zinc showed no clear association.
Regular nutrient supplement use was associated with lower phenotypic age acceleration, with a non-linear decrease as the number of supplements increased. Associations varied across combinations, and those containing glucosamine and fish oil showed more consistent associations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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