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Outline
To investigate the contamination characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in mutton and its by-products sold in Lanzhou and assess the associated health risks through dietary exposure.
A total of 88 samples of mutton and sheep offal were collected. The presence of 25 PFAS was systematically analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and dietary exposure risks were evaluated using the hazard ratio (HR).
The overall detection rate of PFAS was 79.54%, with the most significant contamination observed in sheep liver, where the detection rate reached 100%. PFBA and PFOS were the predominant monomers detected. Under the current consumption pattern, the HRs for PFBA, PFOS, and PFDS in mutton and its by-products were all less than 1. The exposure risk of PFOS in sheep liver was significantly higher than that in other tissues, and the HR in children was approximately 2.4 times that in adults due to their lower body weight.
A total of 14 PFAS monomers were detected in the 88 mutton and sheep offal samples analyzed in this study. The overall contamination level was low, and the dietary risk assessment indicated no significant health risk to humans.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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