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This study investigated the potential anti-obesity mechanisms of betaine by examining its effects on gut microbiota composition, intestinal hormone secretion, and visceral fat metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet.
18 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3groups: the normal chow diet group (NCD), the high-fat diet group(HFD), and the high-fat diet + betaine group(HBE). Eight weeks later, the rats were sacrificed, and blood was collected to evaluate lipid metabolism and intestinal hormone secretion. 16SrRNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to analyze the structure of the intestinal flora and the expression levels of adipocyte genes in rat feces.
Compared with the high-fat diet group, betaine intervention significantly reduced the body weight (P=0.024) and epididymal white adipose tissue weight (P=0.001) of the rats, decreased the serum TG level (P=0.010), and increased the HDL-C (P=0.004) , PYY(P=0.001) and CCK (P=0.026) levels. In addition, linear regression analysis showed that the betaine-induced changes in the β-diversity of the intestinal flora could explain 22.43% of the changes in serum PYY levels (R2=0.224, P=0.047), and 25.09% of the changes in serum CCK levels (R2=0.251, P=0.034). Gene expression analysis showed that betaine intervention down-regulated the expression levels of Fabp3(P=0.019) and Akt1 (P<0.001) and up-regulated the expression of Abcd1 and Trem2 (P=0.010,0.035).
The changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by betaine intervention may improve obesity-related metabolic damage by regulating lipid metabolism and the secretion of intestinal hormones in the host.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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