To explore the coupling coordination level and limiting factors of the health expenditure input system, the medical resource allocation system, and the health service efficiency system and to provide references for promoting the high-quality development of health services in China since the new healthcare reform.
The coupling coordination model and obstacle degree model were used to analyze the coupling coordination degree and the evolution of obstacle factors among the three systems in 31 provinces of China from 2010 to 2023.
The average coupling coordination degree increased from 0.06 in 2010 to 0.52 in 2023, showing a slow upward trend but not reaching a moderate coordination level (<0.6). Qinghai only increased from 0.02 to 0.31. The average obstacle degree of the key obstacle factors rose from 0.10 to 0.32. The key obstacle factors gradually shifted from multiple input-related indicators, such as limited government investment and inadequate development of the healthcare workforce, to two efficiency-related indicators: relatively high average outpatient and inpatient costs.
The coupling coordination level of the three systems needs further improvement. The key obstacle factors have evolved from multiple input-based indicators to two efficiency-based ones. It is necessary to further enhance the coordinated development of those systems by diversifying strategies, such as perfecting adaptive policies to address shortcomings in coordinated development, optimizing the structure of medical services to reduce medical costs, and improving health expenditure input and utilization mechanisms through market mechanisms.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |