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Outline
To examine the association between sunshine duration and incident frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China.
Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011—2018), including 5 520 participants aged ≥45 years. City-level sunshine duration was obtained from the National Meteorological Science Data Center. Time-dependent Cox models were used to evaluate the association between sunshine duration and incident frailty, and restricted cubic spline and subgroup analyses were performed to assess nonlinearity and effect modification.
In the fully adjusted model, each 1 h/day increase in sunshine duration was associated with a 15% higher risk of incident frailty (HR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.24, P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association, with risk increasing markedly when daily sunshine duration was ≥6.63 h/day. Subgroup analyses suggested significant effect modification by sex, education level, urban-rural residence, and work status.
City-level sunshine duration was associated with incident frailty among middle-aged and older adults in China, with a nonlinear pattern and higher risk mainly at higher sunshine levels.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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