Full
Outline
To investigate the association between 24-hour physical activity and the risk of metabolic syndrome using functional data analysis.
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011—2014. A total of 1 110 eligible participants were included in the analysis. Parametric and nonparametric generalized propensity score methods with functional exposures were used to adjust for potential confounders, including age and sex. Inverse probability weighting in conjunction with a functional linear model was employed to estimate the association between 24-hour physical activity and the risk of metabolic syndrome and to examine sex-specific differences.
Physical activity during the periods of 10:15-11:15 and 16:35-19:45 (parametric method: F=4.969, P<0.001; nonparametric method: F=6.313, P<0.001) was associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. Sex-stratified analyses indicated that, among males, physical activity between 16:45 and 19:40 (parametric method: F=3.573, P<0.001; nonparametric method: F=4.816, P<0.001) was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome risk, whereas among females, a significant negative association was observed during 09:05-10:15 (parametric method: F=3.076, P=0.003; nonparametric method: F=3.008, P=0.004).
The association between 24-hour physical activity and the risk of metabolic syndrome exhibits both time-specific patterns and sex differences, suggesting that prevention strategies should incorporate activity timing and recommend exercise periods aligned with individuals' circadian rhythms to optimize health benefits.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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