Full
Outline
To investigate the association between different macronutrient energy supply proportion combinations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Using data from adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999—2018, the energy supply proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein were calculated. Nutrient clusters were constructed using a three-dimensional nutrient space sequential partitioning method. Weighted logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between clusters and NAFLD, along with interaction and subgroup analyses. K-means clustering was used as a sensitivity analysis.
Compared with the most common energy supply pattern (Cluster 1: moderate fat, medium-high carbohydrate, moderate protein), clusters characterized by medium-high fat, medium/low-medium carbohydrate, and moderate protein (Cluster 3 and 4) were significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. In the fully adjusted model, both Cluster 3 (OR=1.367, 95% CI: 1.142-1.636) and Cluster 4 (OR=1.462, 95% CI:1.137-1.879) showed elevated risks. Interaction analysis indicated a borderline significant interaction with hypertension (P=0.053), while no significant interactions were found for other covariates (P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with the main findings.
Macronutrient proportion combinations are significantly associated with NAFLD risk. A dietary pattern of medium-high fat paired with medium/low carbohydrate is associated with higher risk, highlighting the importance of dietary structure regulation for guiding NAFLD prevention and management.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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