Full
Outline
To explore the impact of heatwave (HW) exposure on social participation among middle-aged and older adults, and provide empirical evidence for healthy aging intervention strategies under climate change.
Using two waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018, the association between HW changes and decreased social participation was assessed via the generalized additive model combined with the generalized difference method. HW was defined by a city-specific threshold method: 12 HW definitions were constructed using the 90th, 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of daily maximum temperature as thresholds, combined with durations of ≥2, 3, and 4 days. Social participation was operationalized using social activity level, and sustained decline in social activity level and changes in social activity patterns were defined as different outcomes. Stratified analyses were conducted to examine the interaction effects of PM2.5 and green space exposure.
In the analysis of sustained decline in social activity level, HW days (HW3: OR=1.130, 95% CI: 1.012-1.262; HW10: OR=1.056, 95% CI: 1.008-1.105) and HW events (HW10: OR=1.091, 95% CI: 1.013-1.175) were associated with sustained decline in social activity level. In the analysis of social activity pattern changes, HW days (HW1) were associated with increased risk of persistent low social activity (OR=1.069, 95% CI: 1.007-1.136). Stratified analysis showed that areas with slight decreases or increases in PM2.5 concentration were more sensitive to HW impacts, with statistical associations observed when using HW events (HW9, PInteraction=0.046) and HW days (HW1, PInteraction=0.007) as exposure indicators. In contrast, areas with increased normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed weakened HW impacts on social participation, with statistical associations observed when using HW events (HW3, PInteraction=0.008) and HW days (HW9, PInteraction=0.016) as exposure indicators.
HW is a key risk factor for reduced social participation among middle-aged and older adults. Thus, amid ongoing climate warming, integrating HW into public health and aging policies is of great significance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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