To explore the differences in job burnout among female employees at different levels of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention（CDCs）in Yunnan Province, along with its influencing factors, to provide information for reducing the prevalence of job burnout among female CDC employees, and stabilizing the CDC workforce.

A combination of stratified and random sampling methods was employed to survey female employees of all CDCs in Yunnan Province. The survey was conducted from March to April 2024 using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey（MBI-GS）. Using Chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and Fairlie decomposition methods, this study analyzed the influencing factors, level differences, and their main causes of job burnout among female CDC employees.

The overall job burnout rate among 4 257 female CDC employees was 83.58%. Specifically, the burnout rate was 81.09% among those employees at provincial and prefectural levels and 84.39% among county-level, with the difference being statistically significant（χ²=6.279, P=0.012）. Regression results indicated that age 45-54 years（OR=0.521, 95% CI: 0.278-0.977）, intermediate or senior professional titles（OR=1.907, 95% CI: 1.123-3.237; OR=2.219, 95% CI: 1.183-4.166）, workload（OR=1.833, 95% CI: 1.312-2.562）, and general sleep quality（OR=0.618, 95% CI: 0.420-0.910）were identified as factors influencing job burnout among female employees at provincial and prefectural levels CDC; Age groups（OR=0.645, 95% CI: 0.471-0.883; OR=0.526, 95% CI: 0.364-0.762; OR=0.306, 95% CI: 0.159-0.589）, welfare levels（OR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.501-0.806; OR=0.365, 95% CI: 0.262-0.508）, workload（OR=1.320, 95% CI: 1.075-1.621）, attention to CDC reforms（OR=0.613, 95% CI: 0.477-0.786）, and sleep quality（OR=0.563, 95% CI: 0.440-0.720; OR=0.353, 95% CI: 0.261-0.477）were identified as factors influencing job burnout among female employees at county-level CDC. The Fairlie decomposition results indicated that 58.37% of the level differences in job burnout were caused by the characteristic effect and 41.63% by the coefficient effect.

Female CDC employees in Yunnan Province exhibit a relatively high rate of job burnout, with significant variations observed across different levels of CDCs. And welfare levels are identified as the primary factor contributing to these disparities. It is recommended that the relevant departments pay attention to the issue of job burnout among female CDC employees. Stratified and differentiated interventions should be developed and implemented to alleviate burnout and reduce disparities in burnout levels among female CDC employees across different levels.