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Outline
This study aims to explore the effects of total physical activity (PA) and its structural composition on phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) in older adults, providing a scientific basis for intervening in aging through optimizing PA structure.
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 7 016 older adults aged 60 years and above from the West China Health and Aging Cohort Study. Weekly PA levels and their domain-specific proportions (work, transportation, recreation) were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire-2 (GPAQ-2). PhenoAgeAccel was calculated as the residual of chronological age regressed on PhenoAge. Multiple linear regression models were employed to analyze the effects of total PA on PhenoAgeAccel, controlling for demographic characteristics, anthropometric indices, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases, followed by subgroup analyses. Isometric log-ratio transformation (ILR) in compositional data analysis (CoDA) and isotemporal substitution model were applied to analyze the effects of the proportion of different PA types.
Total PA was negatively correlated with PhenoAgeAccel. Each 1-standard deviation increase in total PA was associated with a 0.32-year reduction in PhenoAgeAccel (β=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.46 - -0.18). Subgroup analyses showed that increasing PA could more effectively delay aging in elderly individuals aged 60 - 70 years, those with obesity, non-smokers, and those with baseline hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia. There were differential contributions among PA types. When 1% of leisure activity replaced work activity, PhenoAgeAccel decreased by 0.031 years (β=-0.031, 95% CI: -0.057 - -0.006). When 1% of leisure activity replaced transport activity, PhenoAgeAccel decreased by 0.034 years (β=-0.034, 95% CI: -0.059 - -0.010). The substitution effect between the proportion of work activity and that of transport activity was not statistically significant.
Increasing total PA and optimizing PA types can slow down PhenoAgeAccel, and recreation activities replacing work or transport activities have prominent effects in delaying aging. Promoting a physical activity pattern centered on recreational activities is recommended to reduce the risk of aging-related diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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