Full
Outline
To assess the current utilization of health services and the influencing factors among women of childbearing age in rural and pastoral areas of Xizang, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving healthcare accessibility in Xizang.
Using data from the Seventh National Health Service Survey in Xizang and guided by the Andersen’s Health Service Utilization Behavior Model, we analyzed factors influencing healthcare utilization among 2 025 women aged 15-49 in rural and pastoral areas. In addition, focus group interviews were conducted to complement the quantitative findings.
The two-week outpatient visit rate among women of childbearing age was 5.93%, and the inpatient admission rate within the past year was 8.99%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that women with urban-rural medical insurance (OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.035-0.571) and those with a self-rated health score ≥80 (OR=0.315, 95% CI: 0.179-0.554) were less likely to use outpatient services. In contrast, women who had signed up for family doctor services (OR=2.310, 95% CI: 1.036-5.152), were unaware of such services (OR=2.818, 95% CI: 1.125-7.056), or had chronic conditions (OR=3.081, 95% CI: 2.043-4.646) showed significantly higher outpatient utilization. In terms of inpatient services, lower utilization was observed among women aged 25-34 (OR=0.473, 95% CI: 0.277-0.809), 35-44 (OR=0.228, 95% CI: 0.127-0.407), and 45-49 (OR=0.191, 95% CI: 0.096-0.379), as well as those with a history of alcohol consumption (OR=0.366, 95% CI: 0.225-0.595). Conversely, higher inpatient utilization was associated with having a primary school education (OR=1.652, 95% CI: 1.128-2.421), being married (OR=2.925, 95% CI: 1.648-5.192), being employed (OR=2.587, 95% CI: 1.388-4.821), and having chronic illnesses (OR=2.351, 95% CI: 1.667-3.317). Qualitative analysis indicated that poor transportation, limited health awareness, financial constraints, and dissatisfaction with medical services were the primary barriers to healthcare utilization.
The utilization of health services among women of childbearing age in surveyed areas of Xizang remains suboptimal. Efforts to enhance service utilization should focus on strengthening health education, expanding healthcare infrastructure, and improving service quality in rural and pastoral regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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