Full
Outline
To investigate the dose–response relationship between different levels of physical activity and sedentary time and mental health among primary and secondary school students, thereby providing a robust scientific basis for the effective prevention of mental health problems in children and adolescents.
A health survey was conducted among 3 982 students selected by convenience sampling from eight primary and secondary schools in Haizhu District, Guangzhou. Mental health status was compared between students with and without regular physical activity habits. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models and generalized additive models (GAMs) were subsequently employed to analyze the dose–response relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health outcomes.
Among the 3 982 participants, only 5.73% met the World Health Organization’s recommended levels of physical activity. Sedentary time was generally excessive, with only 25.24% of students reporting sedentary time of 3 hours or less per day. After stratified propensity score matching, significant differences in the number of days feeling unhappy were observed across all six matched groups between students with and without regular physical activity habits. Compared with ≤10 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), longer durations of MVPA and outdoor activity were associated with improved mental health outcomes, with greater benefits observed as activity duration increased (MVPA: 11–29 minutes: +21.55%, 30–59 minutes: +24.19%, ≥60 minutes: +25.86%; outdoor activity: 11–30 minutes: +23.81%, 31–44 minutes: +19.19%, 45–60 minutes: +25.42%, ≥60 minutes: +28.28%). In contrast, compared with ≤3 hours of sedentary time, longer durations of sedentary behavior were associated with poorer mental health (3–4 hours: -9.40%, 4–5 hours: -15.43%, >5 hours: -44.27%). The GAM analysis further confirmed the findings of the ZINB modeL.
A dose–response relationship exists between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health among primary and secondary school students. Longer durations of physical activity are associated with greater mental health benefits, while prolonged sedentary time is linked to poorer mental health outcomes. These findings provide empirical support for optimizing youth-targeted physical activity interventions and mental health promotion policies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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