In order to realize efficient electrostatic adsorption dust removal for photovoltaic modules, the paper designs an aluminum needle-plate electrode type with a needle on the bottom surface. On the basis of clarifying the mechanism of electrostatic adsorption dust removal, COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to establish a coupled simulation model of electrostatic force, charge transfer and charged particle tracking, calculating the distribution of electric field strength, the amount of charge of the dust particles and the dust removal rate in the dust removal device, and setting up an experimental platform for electrostatic adsorption dust removal to verify the reliability of the simulation model. The results show that the multi-needle aluminum needle-plate electrode type significantly improves the efficiency of electrostatic adsorption dust removal, the dust removal rate can reach 96.84% after 3 s of device operation, and the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules can reach 93.89% under the state of no dust. Compared with the ordinary aluminum plate, the use of needle-plate electrode type can make the small-sized particles adhered to the surface of the photovoltaic module significantly reduced.

To flexibly address the issues of unreasonable integration of distributed photovoltaic （PV） systems and the temporal fluctuations of PV and loads, while improving voltage quality and operational efficiency in distribution networks, a bi-level planning method is proposed under typical source-load temporal scenarios considering demand response. Firstly, the SOM-KFCM clustering algorithm is introduced. This method combines the topological preservation characteristics of self-organizing maps （SOM） and the nonlinear clustering capability of kernel fuzzy C-means （KFCM） to enhance clustering accuracy, and typical scenarios are derived using the probability-weighted Pearson correlation coefficient. Then, by incorporating demand response and reactive power optimization, the active and reactive power of the distribution network are jointly regulated, forming a bi-level planning model. The upper model optimizes the PV planning scheme with the goal of minimizing total annual costs and maximizing voltage stability indices, while the lower model aims to minimize daily operational costs for each scenario. To effectively solve this model, an improved whale optimization algorithm with multiple strategies is adopted to enhance global search capability and escape from local optima, and it is combined with second-order cone programming for solving, achieving a globally optimal and locally coordinated planning solution. Finally, simulation analysis through case studies demonstrates that the proposed model and planning scheme enhance both the economic benefits and stability of the distribution network.

In this study, a floating photovoltaic platform for deep-sea environments is designed based on the concept of OC4 semi-submersible wind turbine platform, and its hydrodynamic characteristics are thoroughly analyzed by applying the potential flow theory. The study focuses on the performance of the single floating photovoltaic platform under normal and extreme conditions, and investigates the motion response of the platform and the change of mooring performance after the breakage of a single mooring. The results show that under both normal and extreme conditions, the breakage of the mooring cable on the wave-facing side has the most significant effect on the platform motion, while the newly designed mooring system of the offshore floating photovoltaic platform still meets the safety factor standard under the extreme conditions. This study not only ensures the stable operation of the platform under complex sea conditions, but also provides technical reference and guidance for the design and practical application of offshore floating photovoltaic platforms.

This paper investigates the integral lifting and launching technology for a new type of offshore floating photovoltaic （FPV） modular support structure. Based on the finite element software ANSYS, numerical simulations of the entire lifting and launching process of the support structure into the water were conducted. Through comparative analysis, an optimized selection scheme for the bottom components of the modular support structure was determined. The construction processes of two-point lifting, three-point lifting, and four-point lifting were analyzed and compared to identify the optimal lifting point arrangement for the modular support structure. The influence of errors, such as the position of lifting lugs and the length of lifting cables, on the internal forces and deformations during the lifting process of the modular support structure was emphatically analyzed, and corresponding error control indices were proposed. The analysis results indicate that the four-point lifting condition with lifting points at the trisection points of the long sides is optimal. When the position error of the lifting lugs exceeds 10 mm, the uneven difference in the internal forces of the lifting cables exceeds 57%, suggesting that the position error of the lifting lugs should be controlled within ±5 mm. When the length error of the lifting cables exceeds 67.5 mm, the overall structural deformation reaches 77 mm, and the vertical deformation difference of the structure exceeds 35 mm, recommending that the length error of the lifting cables be controlled within 67.5 mm.

This paper investigated the effect of thermally assisted light soaking （TALS） on the performance of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction （SHJ） solar cells. The experimental results confirm that light soaking （LS） effectively improves the power conversion efficiency and fill factor of SHJ solar cells by 0.23% and 0.91%, while TALS increases the gain to 0.34% and 0.98%. By measuring the dark electric conductivity of doped amorphous silicon films before and after the TALS, it is found that TALS has more significant effect on improving the electrical properties of the films compared to LS, enabling n-type amorphous silicon thin film dark electric conductivity gain ratio of 9.05. Combined with Sinton WCT-120 and Suns-V_oc measurements, it is concluded that TALS improves the field passivation performance, enhancing the built-in electric field strength of crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon heterojunction, thus reduces the recombination of minority carriers at the interface, resulting in a light-induced gain of 0.34% in the output performance of SHJ solar cells.

To address the issue of reduced electrical efficiency caused by uneven surface temperatures of solar cells in high concentration photovoltaic （HCPV） systems, a manifold microchannel heat sink with an array of inclined ribs is proposed to reduce the temperature difference on the surface of the solar cells. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is used to simulate and analyze the impact of different rib inclination angles on the heat dissipation performance of the manifold microchannel. The results show that compared with the structure without ribs, the temperature difference on the battery surface is significantly reduced when the inclination angle of the ribs in the inlet manifold is 11.54°. The maximum reduction rate is 61.86% under various flow rates. Under high flow conditions, the maximum temperature on the battery surface is reduced by 11.90 K, and the PEC range under various flow rates is 1.06 to 1.13.

This paper proposes a variable universe fuzzy adaptive control method that considers both the output characteristics of distributed PV and time-domain frequency features, enabling active provision of system frequency deviation suppression and inertial support. The proposed method incorporates multidimensional fuzzy rules encompassing illumination variation, system frequency deviation, and its rate of change. By adaptively adjusting power output, it enhances system frequency response characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach effectively improves both transient and steady-state frequency performance in power systems with ultra-high PV penetration, thereby strengthening grid security and stability.

To investigate the wind uplift resistance and failure modes of rigidly supported clamp-fixed photovoltaic （PV） modules, considering the effect of module fixation spacing and frame height, this study conducted wind uplift resistance tests on PV modules with different parameter combinations. The entire loading process of the PV modules under simulated wind load was measured, including displacement and strain changes. The damage deformation characteristics and failure modes of the PV module were analyzed. A numerical analysis model of the PV module was established using the structural finite element analysis software ABAQUS to further study the factors affecting the wind uplift resistance of the PV modules. The results show that the wind uplift failure mode of the PV module is the failure of the engagement between the fixed block and the module frame, leading to the entire PV module being uplifted. The wind uplift failure criterion for the PV module is defined as failure occurring when the slippage between the clamps and the PV module exceeds 2/3 of the original constraint surface section length of the block on the module frame. Reducing the length and width of the PV module, and increasing the height and fixation spacing of the PV module, can effectively improve its wind uplift resistance, with reducing the module width having the most significant effect.

To address the issues of decreased performance in traditional current differential protection and poor robustness of existing dynamic state estimation, a protection method for PV station transmission line, based on recursive maximum entropy dynamic state estimation, is proposed. This method is unaffected by power source characteristics and can handle measurement data containing significant outliers. Firstly, the adaptability of traditional current differential protection in PV station transmission line is analyzed, revealing the limitations of traditional current differential protection. Then, based on Kirchhoff's law, a dynamic state estimation model for AC transmission lines is constructed. On this basis, considering the impact of large outliers on measurement data, the nonlinear modeling capability of the maximum correntropy Gaussian kernel function and the smooth decision boundary characteristics are utilized to ensure that the dynamic state estimation results are not disturbed by outliers. Finally, a centralized PV station grid-connected model is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform, and the superiority, sensitivity, reliability, and robustness of the proposed protection method under different faults are verified.

This paper explores the effects of attaching radiative cooling films at different positions of solar cells in different seasons on their thermoelectric performance through experiments and simulations. The results show that attaching a radiative cooling film on the front side can significantly reduce temperature, but due to the decrease in transmittance, the electrical performance is lost by nearly 70%; while attaching a film on the back side can reduce the average temperature by 5.08 ℃ in summer, and the power is approximately increased by 2%, maintaining a high photoelectric conversion efficiency while effectively reducing the module temperature, In terms of the comprehensive performance of thermal management and power generation efficiency, it performs even better. In summer, the film on the back side has a good cooling effect, and in a low-temperature environment with an average ambient temperature of -10 ℃ in winter, the temperature difference of the module decreases by 0.59 ℃. By reducing the temperature difference, the service life can be extended. At the same time, the radiative cooling effect is affected by irradiance, ambient temperature and wind speed. The cooling effect of attaching a film is more prominent under high temperature and high irradiance conditions, while enhancing convection will weaken its cooling effect.