The safety problem caused by the illegal addition of non edible substances to food has become a major threat to public health. However, there are still some significant limitations in the existing detection technology system, such as blind areas and a lack of detection ability. With the advantages of high-throughput screening and identification of unknown substances, non targeted detection technology has made great progress in the fields of emerging contaminants, multi-residue detection of agricultural and veterinary drugs and among others. This paper introduced the detection techniques of non-edible substances such as spectrum, chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principle and application of non targeted detection technology and the application and limitation of non targeted detection screening based on database, mass spectrometry splitting characteristics and metabonomics were described in detail. The problems and challenges of non targeted detection technology in practical application were discussed. And innovatively put forward suggestions to promote the practical transformation of non targeted detection technology and the optimization path based on the fusion of non targeted detection technology analysis strategy and big data algorithm. The purpose of this paper was to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of an efficient, accurate and green methodology system for non targeted detection of non-edible substances in food.

Objective To establish a qualitative screening method for 29 kinds of mycotoxins in grains based on QuEChERS dSPE EMR-Lipid and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry. Methods The sample was extracted by 20 mL 70% acetonitrile (containing 1% formic acid), purified by modified QuEChERS method, electrospray ionization, positive ion sweeping, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra. Results The established method included a database of primary precision mass, secondary mass spectrometry, and retention time. This method enabled rapid screening of 29 kinds of mycotoxins in soybean, corn, rice, and wheat. The screening limits of detection of ranged from 0.005 to 0.050 mg/kg. The method met the basic screening requirements. Conclusion The method is simple, specific, stable and reliable. The method enables the processing and qualitative screening of large volumes of samples from soyabean, corn, rice and wheat in a short time. It has high application value.

Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral effects of fumonisin and hydrolyzed fumonisin in zebrafish under sub-lethal concentrations (9-270 mg/L). Methods Using Danio rerio as test organism, their spontaneous swimming distance and speed, and their locomotor activity under light-dark stimulation, as well as their distribution in different color areas of the cross maze were recorded by a behavioral toxicity recorder, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The spontaneous locomotor activity of Danio rerio was significantly decreased after exposure in high concentration of fumonisin (79 mg/L), with a decrease of 70% in total movement distance and average swimming speed. In contrast, after exposure in low concentration of hydrolyzed fumonisin (30 mg/L), the spontaneous locomotor activity was significantly enhanced, with an increase of 130% or more of respective indicators. Fumonisin at subacute concentrations did not significantly affect the light-dark response ability of Danio rerio, but the hydrolyzed form of fumonisin showed a promoting effect at low concentrations and an inhibitory effect at high concentrations. After exposure to fumonisin or its hydrolyzed form, the preference of Danio rerio for blue and their avoidance of yellow and green were both weakened. Conclusion The neurobehavior of Danio rerio is more sensitive to hydrolyzed fumonisin than to its prototype. Using low amount of test compounds, and being fast and visual, neurobehavioral study of Danio rerio is a suitable tool for the early stage toxicity screening of emerging toxicants (e.g. masked mycotoxins).

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of tuna skin collagen oligopeptides (TSCOP) on mice using TSCOP derived from the skin of Thunnus alalunga. Methods TSCOP was administered at 3 dose levels—low [0.2 mg/(g·d)], medium [0.4 mg/(g·d)], and high [0.8 mg/(g·d)]—via gavage to mice for 4 consecutive weeks. The anti-fatigue status and related indicators of the mice in each group were evaluated. Results TSCOP had no significant impact on the body weight, food intake, or normal physiological functions of the mice, but it did extend the exhaustive exercise time to some extent. From the perspective of energy metabolism, high-dose TSCOP significantly increased blood glucose (P<0.001) and muscle glycogen levels (P<0.05) in the mice, while markedly reducing the accumulation of protein metabolism byproducts such as urea nitrogen and blood ammonia (P<0.001). Additionally, high-dose TSCOP significantly decreased serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.01). In terms of oxidative stress protection, high-dose TSCOP significantly regulated the balance of the oxidative/antioxidant system (P<0.05) and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde. Conclusion TSCOP not only promotes the repair of skeletal muscle myofibrils but also significantly increases muscle fiber area, muscle mass, and muscle strength, comprehensively improving the fatigue state of the mice’s muscles and significantly enhancing their exercise endurance. TSCOP exhibits notable anti-fatigue properties and shows broad application potential in fields such as sports nutrition and health care.

Silicon is an essential trace element for the human body and generally exists in mineral water in the form of metasilicic acid. The accurate detection of metasilicic acid, a crucial boundary indicator for natural mineral water, is essential for determining compliance within quality standards. The GB 8538—2022 China national food safety standard—Testing methods for natural mineral drinking water specifies 2 kinds of spectrophotometric techniques, the silicomolybdic yellow method and the silicomolybdic blue method, for the detection of metasilicic acid. However, due to factors such as the stability of colorimetric solutions in spectroscopic analysis and differences in absorption wavelengths, the application of these 2 kinds of methods in metasilicic acid detection still presents issues that require further improvement. Researchers have also reported a number of determination methods for metasilicic acid based on different technologies, such as flow injection (FI), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ion chromatography (IC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This article compared the advantages and existing problems of these methods, so as to provide references for the improvement of existing methods and the development of new methods for metasilicic acid determination.

Objective To evaluate the food safety and quality of prepared dishes sold in Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2023. Methods According to the national definition and scope of prepared dishes, and considering their 5 main characteristics, relevant data were selected from the food supervision and sampling inspection database of Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2023. Additionally, 20 batches of frozen meat products were randomly purchased from supermarkets and stores within the province for animal-derived component testing. The results were evaluated based on food safety national standards and statistically analyzed using WPS Office 2024. Results The supervision sampling inspection data of prepared dishes sold in Guangdong Province from 2021 to 2023 covered 8910 batches and 20019 items, with 18 testing items including physicochemical indicators, contaminants, microorganisms, and animal-derived components. The compliance rate for all items except the microorganism indicator in meat products exceeded 99%. Among the 20 randomly purchased frozen meat products, 15 batches were detected to contain other animal-derived components. By analyzing the above data, several issues were identified in prepared dishes: Food classification could be easily confused; some products lack evaluation criteria for contaminants; microbial contamination was of concern; and the detection rate of other animal-derived components in beef products was high. Conclusion Overall, the food safety of prepared dishes in Guangdong Province is satisfactory. To address the identified issues, effective control measures should be implemented. This study proposes standardizing the classification criteria for supervision and sampling inspection of prepared dishes, expediting the release of national food safety standards, enhancing the prevention and control of microbial contamination, and strengthening the management of raw material authenticity to promote the healthy development of the prepared dishes industry.

Objective To establish a detection method for rapid determination of chlorate and perchlorate in Capsicum annuum L. powder by automatic QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods After the sample was centrally weighed, the sample was extracted with a mix-ture of 1% avetic acid-acetonitrile-water (1:1, V:V), and automatic pre-treatment with automatic QuEChERS instrument, the gradient elution was performed by 0.5% formic acid methanol-0.5% formic acid solution, Thermo HYPERCARB as a separation column, gradient elution, series mass spectra electrospray ionization negative mode ionization, multiresponse monitoring pattern detection, qualitative research by the ratio of retention time and ion, the internal standard method was used to qualitative experiment. Results Automatic QuEChERS instrument was used to determine the chlorate and perchlorate of Capsicum annuum L. powder and the pretreatment efficiency was 6 times that of manual. The limits of quantification (S/N=10) were 10 μg/kg, when the spiked level was 10-50 μg/kg (n=6), the sample recoveries for chlorate and perchlorate were 94.0%-96.4%, the relative standard deviations were less than 5%. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 1-100 μg/L with the correlation coefficients above 0.999. Conclusion The method has high automation degree, good accuracy and stability, and the limit of quantitation also meets the requirements of European Union export, can be applied for the determination of chlorate and perchlorate in Capsicum annuum L. powder.

Objective To study the effects of different aquaculture modes on the intestinal microbiota of Opsariichthys bidens. Methods The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 515F-907R primers using the intestinal microbial DNA of C (monoculture of Opsariichthys bidens), D (mixed culture of Opsariichthys bidens and crayfish), E (mixed culture of Opsariichthys bidens and Macrobrachium nipponense) as templates, and sequenced by Illumina Hiseq2500 sequencing platform. The growth performance of Opsariichthys bidens in different culture modes was simultaneously determined. Results From the perspective of weight and fatness, C>E>D, from the perspective of body length, there was no significant difference between C and E, and there were significant differences between C and D, D and E, which was also C>E>D; from the perspective of hepatosomatic index, there was no significant difference between D and E, but there were significant differences between C and D, C and E, C>E=D; the rule of viscera index and hepatosomatic index was the same, C>D>E; the mixed fish and shrimp farming model significantly increased the diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota in fish compared to the single fish farming model; the mixed farming mode increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota composition in Opsariichthys bidens, and 2 kinds of mixed farming modes had the same effect; the indicator groups for monoculture and 2 kinds of mixed breeding modes of Opsariichthys bidens were different, and the common indicator groups for both mixed breeding modes of Opsariichthys bidens were Microbacteria and Prevotella. Conclusion The comprehensive utilization and quality safety of agricultural products, as well as the single farming mode, result in higher body weight and fat content of Opsariichthys bidens, which is beneficial for increasing the yield of food processing; the mixed farming mode has better microbial diversity and richness, stronger resistance and better quality of Opsariichthys bidens, which is conducive to improving the product quality of food processing. This study can provide theoretical support for the nutritional supply, metabolic homeostasis, epidemic prevention and immunity, food processing, and other aspects of Opsariichthys bidens under different breeding modes.

To address the current situation where a large number of imported prepackaged foods are denied entry due to non-compliant labels, and to promote the production and review of labels for imported prepackaged foods, this study provided countermeasures and suggestions for mitigating risks associated with label marking of imported prepackaged foods. This review based on current national food safety standards, the Chinese labeling content of imported prepackaged foods is summarized as “8+1+X”, which included 8 mandatory pieces of information: Food name, ingredient information, production date, shelf life, storage conditions, domestic distribution information (including the name, address, and phone number of the distributor/importer), country or region of origin, net content, plus the registration number in China and other special labeling requirements. By comparing the “8+1+X” labeling requirements, the study analyzed non-compliant labeling cases of imported prepackaged foods over the past 3 years and identified risks associated with label marking. By analyzing the root causes, this study proposes 5 countermeasures: Enhancing the awareness and risk perception of foreign trade practitioners, improving their professional competence, leveraging modern software technologies for technical support, promoting the establishment of related industries and technological advancements in relevant fields, and refining regulations and standards. These strategies aimed to effectively reduce the risks associated with the labeling of imported prepackaged foods. Therefore, improving technical capabilities, introducing new label review models, and standardizing the labeling of imported prepackaged foods are essential measures to maintain market order, protect consumers’ right to know and choose, and ensure national dietary nutrition and safety. These efforts must be given due attention.

Objective To explore the quality characteristics and differences among the fruits of 6 kinds of different Prunus salicina L. varieties: Fengtang plum, Candy red plum, Red plum, Jiangan plum, Green red crisp plum and Crisp plum, Qinghong Cuili, and Suli. Methods The nutritional components of Prunus salicina L. fruits were analyzed using liquid chromatography, amino acid analyzer, spectrophotometry, and titration methods, and a quality analysis of different Prunus salicina L. varieties was conducted. Results The study found that the soluble sugar content in Prunus salicina L. fruits was primarily composed of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, with glucose being the highest, followed by fructose or sucrose. The total soluble sugar content, total sugar content, soluble solids, sweetness value, and sugar-acid ratio of Fengtang plum were significantly higher than those of other varieties, which might be the main reason for its sweeter taste. In terms of organic acids, malic acid was the predominant organic acid, accounting for more than 88% of the total, with Candy red plum having the highest malic acid content and Green red crisp plum having the highest total acid content. Amino acid analysis revealed that aspartic acid and proline levels were relatively high, and Candy red plum had the highest total free amino acid content. Green red crisp plum had the highest levels of total flavonoids and vitamin C, while Red plum had the highest vitamin E content. Conclusion The fruit qualities of the 6 plum varieties showes significant differences. This study provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the utilization of quality resources of different plum varieties and the premium strategy for Prunus salicina L. fruits.