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Objective To understand the contamination distribution and drug resistance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in 3 types of food in Handan Area, and to build a contamination database of foodborne Enterobacteriaceae. Methods Food and drug substances, food for special diet, nuts and seeds and their processed products were collected in Handan City from 2023 to 2024. Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry, and quantitative count and drug sensitivity test of Enterobacteriaceae were performed. Results Among 196 food samples, 22 samples were positive for Enterobacteriaceae, positive rate 11.2%. The detection rate of Enterobacteriaceae in bulk food was 20.0% higher than 6.3% in pre-packaged food, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.415, P<0.05). The total contamination of Enterobacteriaceae ranged from 1.00-4.67 lg CFU/g. The 31 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were identified in 22 positive foods, including 17 kinds of bacteria from 9 genera. In the drug susceptibility test of 15 kinds of antibiotics, 32.26% of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were drug-resistant strains, and the resistance rates of ampicillin (25.81%) and ceftazidime (12.90%) were relatively high, while the resistance rates of chloramphenicol,compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, colistin, cefotaxime, ampicillin/sulbactam and tetracycline were relatively low (all resistance rates≤10.00%). The sensitivity to ertapenem, meropenem, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigacycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and amikacin was 100.00%. One strain of Leclercia adecarboxylata was detected in bulk jujube, which was resistant to the most types of antibiotics. Conclusion There is a certain degree of Enterobacteriae bacteria contamination in food in Handan Area, and the contamination rate of bulk food is significantly higher than that of pre-packaged food. A wide variety of Enterobacteriae bacteria are detected, and the drug resistance of different bacteria is significantly different. Targeted monitoring should be further strengthened to prevent and control foodborne diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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