The extraction performance of gallium in sulfuric acid solution with new alkyl hydroxamic acid DX201 and P204 was studied. The effects of extraction and stripping conditions on gallium extraction performance were investigated. The extraction and stripping isotherms were drawn. The results show that the single-stage extraction rate of gallium is 97.52% under the conditions of V_O/V_A=1/1, extraction temperature of 25 ℃ and extraction time of 15 min in sulfate solution with mass concentration of sulfuric acid of 20 g/L sulfate solution and organic phase composition of 10%DX201+15%P204+75%260^#solvent oil. Using 2.5 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution to strip gallium from supported organic phase, the single stage stripping rate of gallium is 94.21% under the conditions of V_O/V_A=2/1, stripping temperature of 25 ℃ and stripping time of 2 min. The extraction rate of gallium in 3-stage countercurrent extraction is 99.64%, and the extraction performance is stable.

The magnetic porous magnesium oxide(m-MgO) was prepared with nano-ferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) as the core and MgCl₂ as the magnesium source, and was used for adsorption of U(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of MgO and m-MgO were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, VSM and Zeta potential. The effects of solution pH, temperature, and oscillation time on the adsorption of U(Ⅵ) by MgO and m-MgO were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions for uranium adsorption by MgO and m-MgO are pH=3.5, adsorbent dosage of 10 mg, and oscillation time of 720 min. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Sips isotherm adsorption model, with a theoretical adsorption capacity of 454.16 mg/g, and the increase of temperature is conducive to the spontaneous adsorption. Therefore, m-MgO is expected to be used to separate and recover uranium from radioactive wastewater.

Electrolysis of Manganese using Ionic liquid choline chloride as additive instead of selenium dioxide, under simulated industrial electrolytic conditions was studied. The electrolytic products were characterized by SEM and XRD, and the electrochemical mechanism of the cathode was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and cathode polarization curve(LSV). The results show that the electrolytic product with ionic liquid choline chloride as additive has smooth, dense surface, and has a metallic luster. The addition of choline chloride can promote manganese deposition and inhibit hydrogen evolution. Under simulated industrial electrolysis conditions, the current efficiency is up to 68.1%.

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of stannous sulfide(SnS) anode material for lithium batteries, SNSS/DA precursor was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with niobium cation and selenium anion doped SnS, and then SNSS/C composite was prepared by heat treatment. The effects of carbon nanolayer and co-doping mechanism on the conductivity and battery cycle stability of SNSS/C composite were investigated. The results show that SNSS/C composites have good coating morphology and carbon coating structure, and the thickness of carbon nanolayer is 10~30 nm. By doping two elements, Nb and Se, the crystal volume can be increased, so that lithium ions can obtain a broader channel in the process of embedding/deembedding, and further enhance the conductivity of the material and the diffusion efficiency of lithium ions. The electrochemical performance of SNSS/C material is excellent, the specific discharge capacity of the first cycle is 814.6 mAh/g, and the Coulomb efficiency is 96.3%.

In order to develop a high efficiency, environmental protection, low energy consumption of heavy metal Cr (Ⅵ) adsorbent magnetic biochar (MBC) was obtained by co-precipitation reaction in a mixture of FeSO₄·7H₂O and FeCl₃·6H₂O with alkali modified biochar as the substrate. polyethyleneimine(PEI) was then used as an amination agent and glutaraldehyde was as a cross-linking agent to produce PEI-functionalized magnetic biochar composites(PEI/MBC) for Cr(Ⅵ) removal, PEI/MBC was characterized by SEM,XRD and FT-IR. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage and competitive ions on the adsorption properties for Cr(Ⅵ) were investigated,the results show that the highest adsorption amount of 105.94 mg/g is achieved under the conditions of initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of 50 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g/L, temperature of 30 ℃ and pH=2. The adsorption was affected by the changes of competitive anions and temperature, the quasi-second-order kinetic equation can well reflect the adsorption behavior of Cr(Ⅵ) on PEI/MBC, and the isothermal adsorption data is consistent with the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model, the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) is a spontaneous endothermic process, with ΔG<0, ΔS=144.82 J/(mol·K) and ΔH=39.84 kJ/mol.

The efficient removal of fluoride from zinc smelting waste acid by complex extraction using P204 as the extractant was investigated. The effects of concentration of fluorine and aluminum in aqueous phase, pH, extraction temperature and time on the extraction rate of fluorine and aluminum were examined, The resource utilization of aluminum fluoride was also discussed. The results show that under P204 concentration of 1 mol/L, Al³⁺ concentration in aqueous phase of 0.1 mol/L, F^- concentration of less than 0.025 mol/L, pH=3.0~3.5, extaction time of 8 min and room temperature, the extraction rate of fluorine can reach 96.18%. Using 1.0 mol/L sulfuric acid solution to strip of the fluorine-aluminum-loaded organic phase, the stripping rates for F^- and Al³⁺ are 81.88% and 39.39%, respectively. Cryolite can be obtained by precipitation of stripping solution, and the synthesis of cryolite is more favorable under the condition of pH=4.

The perchlorinated zinc ash contains zinc metal, a small amount of heavy metals and harmful elements chlorine. In order to reduce the chlorine content in the perchlorinated zinc ash, the removal effect of water washing and ammonia washing on the impurities in the perchlorinated zinc ash was compared and studied. The influence of ammonia concentration, liquid volume to solid mass ratio and washing temperature on the precipitation rate of zinc in the ammonia washing process was investigated by single factor test, and the optimal ammonia washing conditions were determined by orthogonal test. The results show that the removal rates of Cl, Na and K are more than 99% and the precipitation rate of Zn is 98.7% under the conditions of ammonia concentration of 0.05%, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 6 mg/1 L and reaction temperature of 30 ℃.

An economic benefit optimization model for hydrometallurgical equipment control was established, and an optimization algorithm based on Double Deep Deterministic Q-Network (DDQN) model is introduced. At the same time, Residual Network is combined with residual network. ResNet's deep learning capability to realize the detection and early warning of abnormal equipment operation status. The simulation results show that the intelligent control algorithm can not only greatly improve the operating efficiency of hydrometallurgical equipment, but also enhance the stability and reliability of the system and improve the economic benefit of enterprises.

The composition, preparation methods, and mass transfer mechanisms of ELM (emulsion liquid membrane), SLM (supported liquid membrane), and PIM (polymeric inclusion membrane), and the research progress of these three types of membranes in hydrometallurgy in recent 5 years are reviewed. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three membranes in hydrometallurgy were summarized, and the solution to the problems such as ELM films exhibited instability and difficulties with emulsion breaking, SLM membranes tended to be unstable with the membrane phase is lost to the water phase and PIM demonstrated lower mass transfer efficiency requiring longer time to reach equilibrium are proposed. Finally, the future development direction for the three membranes in the field of hydrometallurgy are prospected, providing a crucial foundation for further promoting the application of membrane extraction technology in hydrometallurgy and expediting the industrial production of membrane extraction technology.

Uranium is a widely distributed radioactive heavy metal on Earth, and its geochemical cycling is regulated by various microorganisms. This paper critically reviews the roles of microbes in the transformation of uranium species, including reductive immobilization, non-reductive immobilization, oxidative migration, and non-oxidative migration. By exploring the interaction between uranium and microorganisms in natural environments, a profound understanding of uranium migration, transformation, and enrichment mechanisms is achieved, thereby providing guiding insights for the exploration of uranium resources, the safe disposal of radioactive uranium-containing waste, and the remediation of heavy metal uranium pollution.