The hardware equipment and monitoring systems used in various stages of production of renewable energy stations are provided by different manufacturers, resulting in the data format and communication protocols between various business systems can’t be standardized. This data non-uniformity makes the business systems can only run independently of each other, bringing a lot of inconvenience to the operation and maintenance and coordinated control of the field operation and maintenance personnel, and part of the system even falls into the situation of no one maintenance. Based on the data characteristics of renewable energy stations, an integrated monitoring scheme of renewable energy is proposed based on pre-processing data framework. By introducing the architectural design and workflow, a comprehensive data processing driver applicable to the integrated monitoring of renewable energies and data storage technology based on a hybrid architecture is proposed, the implementation of the data acquisition, standardization and storage ideas are described in detail, and application cases is combined to reflect the system performance improvement brought by this solution. This solution can be adapted to renewable energy monitoring needs of different scales, ensure the real-time and security of massive data processing under high concurrency processing scenarios, and significantly improve the data analysis capability of renewable energy stations, providing an important reference for the development and improvement of related systems.

With the growth of installed capacity of renewable energy power generation, coal-fired units need to undertake more peaking tasks. In order to improve the operational flexibility of coal-fired units, a 1 000 MW unit is taken as the research object, and six heat storage configurations and four heat release configurations of molten salt coupling are proposed based on the Ebsilon software, and the thermo-economic indexes of different heat storage and heat release coupling configurations are analyzed comparatively. The results show that, the peak shifting capacity of the system in the heat storage stage is positively correlated with the pressure loss of the heat transfer steam, and the thermal economy of heating the deaerator outlet feedwater in the heat release stage is the best. The heat storage of the electrically heated molten salt has the highest thermal and exergy efficiency, and configuration D-a has the strongest peak shifting capacity, with a peak shifting depth of up to 23.61%, but it has the largest coal consumption rate and exergy loss. Configuration F-d has the best thermal economy, with peak shifting depth, thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency and coal consumption rate of 23.42%, 39.61%, 38.40% and 310.2 g/(kW·h), respectively.

In order to study the effects of different drying conditions on crushing rate and pulverization rate of Baoqing lignite after drying, as well as the effects of different drying moistures on spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of the coal samples, several experiments were conducted, like the drying of raw coal, and the spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of coal samples with different moisture contents. The results show that, a drying furnace temperature above 300 ℃ and a higher heating terminal temperature can achieve a higher coal sample dehydration rate. Coal particles with smaller particle sizes tend to achieve higher dehydration rates and lower crushing rates. The pulverization rate of 6~13 mm coal particles is the highest under different drying conditions. Baoqing raw coal is a type of coal that is prone to spontaneous combustion. As the moisture content of the dried coal sample decreases, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the raw coal weakens and becomes a type of coal with moderate spontaneous combustion tendency. As the moisture content of the coal sample increases, the explosion tendency of the test coal sample decreases. As the fineness of coal powder R90 increases, the explosion tendency of coal powder decreases. Therefore, in the engineering application process of Baoqing lignite drying technology, the proportion of 6~13 mm coal particles should be reduced to lower the pulverization rate during the drying process. The air temperature during coal powder transportation should be appropriately reduced, or the fineness of coal powder should be appropriately increased to reduce the tendency for explosion.

It is a common problem that the direct air-cooled unit cannot be fully charged during the high temperature period in summer, and the widely used solution is to install a sprinkler device in the air-cooled unit for humidification and cooling. Through analysis on the air flow field in the cooling unit, it is found that the air flow field in the silo is non-uniform due to the influence of fans and bridges. The method of non-uniform arrangement of nozzles in the air flow field is used to evenly mix the air and spray water, and the high-pressure spray is used to achieve a uniform temperature drop in the overall air field to minimize the temperature of the cooling air. This method effectively solves the problem of cooling and improves the efficiency of air-cooled units in summer, and is of great significance for peak operation of thermal power units in summer.

To address the issues of flashback and high NO_x emissions in hydrogen-enriched gas combustion, a swirl-stabilized burner was designed using mild premixed combustion technology, and a feasibility study was conducted for its application in industrial boilers. Using a combination of experimental and numerical simulation methods, the study explored the equivalence ratio adjustment range of the mild premixed burner and the influence of hydrogen blending ratio on flame shape and pollutant emission characteristics. The experimental results showed that the mild premixed burner can achieve a wide hydrogen blending heat ratio adjustment range of 0~100%. The addition of hydrogen promoted a more uniform flame distribution, and the flame height decreased with the increasing hydrogen blending ratio. Additionally, the NO_x mass concentration experienced a rapid increase (for hydrogen blending ratios less than 30%) followed by fluctuations around 60 mg/m³. As the hydrogen blending ratio increased, the critical equivalence ratio for local flashback decreased, narrowing the stable combustion range between the blowout limit and the partial flashback limit. The widest equivalence ratio stable combustion range was achieved at a hydrogen blending ratio of 40%, which was 0.54~1.06.

To understand the inner wall temperature distribution characteristics of boiler heating surfaces during fast peaking operation, this study incorporates the coupling of non-uniform heat flux distribution on the combustion side with a multi-tube flow-resistance model on the working fluid side. This corrects the resistance and mass flow distribution among the rows of tubes in the superheater, forming a comprehensive heat transfer calculation model that couples the non-uniform heat flux on the flue gas side with the actual flow rate on the working fluid side, allowing for more accurate prediction of superheater temperatures. This model is applied to the calculation and analysis of wall temperature characteristics of a 660 MW counter-flow coal-fired boiler’s screen superheater at various loads and swirl angles. The study reveals that during deep load-following, the highest tube wall temperature at 30% load (868.4 K) exceeds that at 50% load (861.9 K), approaching the maximum temperature the material can withstand. The tube wall temperature at 50% load is higher than that at 75% load (849.7 K). Additionally, changes in swirl angle significantly affect the non-uniform distribution of flue gas and the working fluid temperature on the steam side. When the swirl angle is 45°, the high-temperature zone is primarily distributed at both ends of the tube screen. When the swirl angle is 15°, it concentrates in the middle front and middle rear regions. As the swirl angle increases, spatial heterogeneity of the flue gas field in the furnace enhances, leading to greater temperature non-uniformity across the superheater width. The research results can provide technical support for the design and retrofit of boilers during rapid load-following processes.

In order to solve the corrosion problem of direct air cooling condensers, the independently developed dynamic corrosion simulation test device is used to simulate the actual operating conditions of the initial condensate, and the alkalizing agent and oxidant with low vapor-liquid distribution coefficient are selected for the flow accelerated corrosion test of carbon steel. The results show that, both alkalizing agent and oxidant can effectively inhibit the accelerated corrosion of direct air-cooled condenser. The rapid change of water flow direction has little effect on the accelerated corrosion rate of flow. Under the same conditions, the flow accelerated corrosion rate of carbon steel in oxidant environment is much lower than that in alkalizer environment. When oxidant is added to the direct air-cooled condenser for anticorrosion, the production cost of a single unit can be saved by 523 700 yuan per year.

Due to its high parameters and high efficiency, ultra supercritical units have become a powerful support for deep frequency regulation, peak shaving, and suppression of power grid fluctuations. The optimization and transformation of control strategies for ultra supercritical units are of great significance for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Aiming at the optimization problem of coordinated control system for ultra supercritical units, an intelligent control strategy based on error self-disturbance rejection control strategy and reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed. Firstly, in framework of the error-based self-disturbance rejection control strategy, the controlled object model of the machine furnace coupling process is simplified according to operating characteristics of the unit’s turbine-boiler coupled process, and an extended state observer is designed to estimate and compensate for the unmodeled dynamic characteristics and external disturbances of the unit in real time. Secondly, a reward function is constructed and the flexible actor-critic algorithm is used to achieve self-adaptive adjustment of controller parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through simulation based on actual historical operating data of a certain ultra supercritical 1 000 MW secondary reheating unit.

In order to solve the problems of difficult, high cost and poor accuracy of state-of-charge (SOC) estimation for vanadium redox flow batteries (VFB), a joint SOC estimation method is proposed, based on forgetting factor recursive least squares (FFRLS) and multiple innovation unscented Kalman filter (MIUKF). The FFRLS algorithm is used to identify the equivalent circuit model parameters of vanadium redox flow batteries online, and the MIUKF algorithm is used for SOC estimation, so as to achieve the purpose of accurately estimating the SOC of vanadium redox flow batteries. Finally, a 5 kW/30 kW·h vanadium redox flow battery is taken as experimental platform to verify the method. The experimental results show that, compared with the RLS-UKF algorithm and FFRLS-UKF algorithm, the FFRLS-MIUKF algorithm has lower mean square error and root mean square error in the charging and discharging phases, which are 0.003 7, 0.060 9 and 0.001 3, 0.036 3.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) power generation technology offers better flexibility, and its substitution for steam power generation technology in the field of thermal power generation is of significant strategic importance for constructing a new type of power system, establishing a modern energy system, and achieving the “dual carbon” goal. Through numerical simulation and experiment, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of S-CO₂ boilers within the actual operating range are analyzed, and the influence of working fluid flow states and physical properties on heat transfer and resistance performance is also investigated. The results show that, the heat transfer coefficient of CO₂ decreases with the thermal conductivity under the same flow conditions. This is because the thermal resistance of the fluid boundary layer increases as the thermal conductivity decreases. Under the same thermal conductivity conditions, the heat transfer coefficient of CO₂ increases with the Reynolds number (Re). The reason is that the fluid boundary layer becomes thinner as Re increases, reducing the boundary layer thermal resistance. For CO₂ working fluid inside the pipe with pressures ranging from 3 MPa to 30 MPa, enthalpy values of 500~1 150 kJ/kg, and Re between 1.1×10⁵ and 2.1×10⁶, a correlation formula for heat transfer considering boundary layer property corrections is derived. The average deviations are 3.33%, demonstrating it has high precision. The research lays a solid foundation for the design and research of subsequent S-CO₂ boilers.