The growing share of renewable energy leads to increased load volatility and uncertainty in power system, necessitating greater flexibility in cogeneration systems. The utilization of molten salt thermal storage equipment can enhance the performance of cogeneration systems. Against the main-pipeline cogeneration system consisting of four boilers and two steam turbines which is integrated with a coupled molten salt thermal storage equipment, the EBSILON simulation software is used to establish mechanism model for power supply and heating. The influence of molten salt heat storage equipment on combined heat and power system performance is analyzed, and the optimization scheduling methods for coupled systems are also investigated. The results show that, the coupling of molten salt thermal storage equipment in cogeneration systems can increase the system’s peak shaving capacity, expand the system’s operating range, and broaden the unit’s operating area. After estimation, the amount of coal saved in one day can be about 4.16 tons, the carbon emissions can be reduced by about 8.25 tons, and the pollutant emissions can be decreased by about 1.76 kg. The molten salt thermal storage equipment has improved the system’s economy and environmental friendliness.

When operating at low loads, W-flame boilers may encounter various problems, such as low reheated steam temperature, which requires combustion adjustments and other measures. To solve these problems, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler under low load conditions. In order to deal with the low steam temperature at low loads, the influence of the position of the recycled flue gas injection and the presence of wall-attached air on the velocity field and temperature field inside the furnace were analyzed. The research results show that introducing recycled flue gas into the furnace by extracting 16% of the total flue gas flow at the air preheater inlet increases the amount of flue gas and improves the convective heat transfer on the heating surfaces. Combined with adjusting the opening of the reheater flue gas baffle, this approach can solve the problem of low reheated steam temperature at low loads. Injecting recycled flue gas from the SOFA air nozzle into the furnace has a minimal impact on the temperature in the primary combustion zone, which benefits the stability of coal combustion at low loads. Introducing 40% of the recycled flue gas as wall-attached air from the side walls of the lower furnace can lower the temperature of the side wall flue gas and transform it into an oxidizing atmosphere, reducing the possibility of side wall coking and high-temperature corrosion.

In response to the current problems of high volatility in wind and photovoltaic power generation and difficulties in consumption in typical areas, a new hybrid energy system optimization scheduling method for promoting wind and solar consumption through geothermal power generation is proposed by incorporating reliable and rapidly climbing geothermal power generation into the hybrid energy system. Taking into account both operational costs and risks, and constrained by physical characteristics of the power units, a multi-objective optimization dispatch model for the new hybrid energy system is established. A rolling repair strategy is introduced to correct the initial values of the population, and the model is solved based on the adaptive trade-off model and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. This algorithm is more suitable for solving high-dimensional, complex constraint problems compared with the conventional algorithms and offers a faster convergence rate. Through a comparative analysis of two scenarios during typical winter days in a specific region of Tibet, geothermal power is found to enhance the absorption rates of wind and solar energy by 8.0% and 7.9%, respectively. Simultaneously, the system’s operating costs decreases by 2.5%, and risk indices decreases by 7.1%. These findings underscore the role of geothermal power in promoting the integration of wind and solar energy and improving the overall reliability of the power system. The research provides valuable theoretical support for decision-making and scheduling in hybrid energy systems.

The influence of main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower at different ambient wind speeds and with different directions on flow heat transfer characteristics of the unit under normal working conditions in summer is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that, as the ambient wind speed increases from 4 m/s to 16 m/s, the pressure in windward fan section of the main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower will increase, while the pressure on both sides of the fan section will decrease. The pressure on the inner side of the back fan section will increase and high-temperature zones which will decrease in quantity when the wind speed exceeds 8 m/s will form. The pressure on the outer side will decrease, and the pressure change in the upwind and backwind sections will be greater than that on both sides of the fan section. The total heat transfer in the main fan section will continue to decrease, while the auxiliary fan section will continue to increase slowly and be less affected by environmental wind. In different environmental wind directions, when the wind direction angle is 0° or 180°, the heat transfer of the blocked tower will increase significantly. When the wind direction angle is 45° or 135°, some fan sections between the two towers will be blocked, and the heat transfer of the blocked tower will decrease slightly. The maximum heat transfer of the main fan section occurs in the direction where the environmental wind is completely blocked, and the maximum heat transfer of the auxiliary fan section occurs at a 90° environmental wind direction angle, which is directly facing the auxiliary fan section.

To investigate the effect of blending ratio on co-combustion characteristics of sludge hydrothermal carbon and municipal solid waste, and reveal the interaction between the two materials, thermogravimetric analyzer is used to test the combustion characteristics of sludge hydrothermal carbon, municipal solid waste and mixed samples. The combustion kinetics of the samples were analyzed by Coats-Redfern method. Based on the difference between the experimental combustion characteristics and the theoretical combustion characteristics of the mixed samples, the interactions between the two materials was revealed. The results showed that, the ignition temperatures and burnout temperatures of the mixed samples decreased with the increase of sludge hydrothermal carbon blending ratio, but the combustion rate also decreased, resulting in a decrease of the comprehensive combustion characteristic index. As the blending ratio of sludge hydrothermal carbon increased from 0% to 80%, the comprehensive combustion characteristic index of mixed sample decreased by 71.8%. With the increase of sludge hydrothermal carbon blending ratio, the activation energy of volatile combustion stage decreased, while the activation energy of char combustion stage increased. There was a significant interaction between sludge hydrothermal carbon and municipal solid waste, which can inhibit the combustion of volatiles. In the blending ratio range of 20%~80%, the comprehensive combustion characteristic index of the mixture decreased by 12.9% on average. The research results can provide data reference and theoretical basis for the control of the working condition and the design of ACC automatic control system in the municipal solid waste incineration plant.

To improve timeliness and accuracy of the location of condenser leakage cooling tube and solve the problem that the leakage cooling tube cannot be located online, the optimal route of leakage cooling tube location technology is demonstrated by combining theoretical analysis with experimental research. The results show that the tracer gas leakage detection technology has the characteristics of high positioning efficiency and high positioning accuracy, and is suitable for developing on-line locating technology of condenser leakage cooling tube. Through establishing the relationship model between and among the helium concentration change value, time, and water tank liquid level during the isolation of one half of the condenser for draining water, the height of the condenser leakage cooling tube can be located, so as to determine the condenser leakage tube row.

With the development of hydrogen energy storage technology and the popularity of sharing concept, shared hydrogen energy storage is gradually becoming a new way to deal with the consumption of new energy and the long-term energy storage needs of users. Taking power selling companies and users of production and marketing as research objects, a double-layer optimization economic model of power selling companies based on shared hydrogen energy storage services is established. The upper layer model is responsible for solving the long-term hydrogen energy storage configuration and revenue problems of power selling companies, while the lower layer model is responsible for solving the short-term operating cost problems of production and marketing users. The mixed integer linear programming problem is solved by KKT condition and Big-M method. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by setting up different scenarios. The results show that, compared with the self-built hydrogen energy storage by the production and marketing users, the establishment of shared hydrogen energy storage power stations by the sales companies can reduce the configuration scale of hydrogen energy storage under the constraint condition of meeting the energy storage needs of users. At the same time, its daily operating income increases by 66.71%, and the daily operating cost of production and marketing users decreases by 34.90%, realizing the mutual benefit and win-win situation between the sales company and the production and marketing users.

Accurate measurement of steam humidity is essential for safe and efficient operation of steam turbines, drawing significant interest from both academic and industrial communities. The primary techniques for measuring steam humidity in steam turbines are systematically reviewed, encompassing thermodynamic, optical, electrical, chemical, and ultrasonic methods. The principles, characteristics, and applicability of each humidity measurement technique are thoroughly examined, and their respective advantages and limitations are critically analyzed. Furthermore, development trends and future research directions in steam humidity measurement technology are explored. The research provides a robust theoretical foundation for selection and optimization of steam humidity measurement techniques.

The online monitoring methods for carbon emissions of domestic coal-fired power units in the short and medium term are still mainly based on accounting methods, and the online monitoring methods for carbon emissions are not yet fully developed. An online carbon emission accounting method for large coal-fired power plants is explored based on routine monitoring data from the units’ fuel management system, leading to the formation of a rapid carbon emission accounting method. Additionally, five direct online monitoring approaches for carbon emissions are designed to measure volume fraction, flow velocity and humidity of CO₂. Building upon the rapid accounting method, the calculation deviations of different carbon emission calculation methods within different calculation periods are compared. The results show that, as the time span of the calculation period increases, the calculation deviations for carbon emissions tend to stabilize. Results from a 60-day monitoring period indicate that the computational deviations for the system method, monitoring method, modified monitoring method, oxygen balance method, modified oxygen balance method, and calorific value method are –11.5%, 7.7%, 4.6%, 9.7%, 7.1%, and 17.0%, respectively. After long-term comparative corrections, all these methods are viable for online monitoring of carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants, providing support for managing and controlling carbon emissions and carbon asset management within these facilities.

In the context of global energy transition towards cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable energy sources, nuclear power is recognized as a critical base-load power source that serves as a substitute for fossil fuels, playing a pivotal role in transformation of energy structure. Key advancements in integration of large-scale energy storage technologies with nuclear power are introduced, with an emphasis on analyzing the coupling modes of thermal storage, mechanical energy storage, and electrochemical energy storage with nuclear power, as well as their potential to enhance the performance of nuclear power stations. Various methods of coupling energy storage technologies with nuclear power stations are explored, encompassing thermal, mechanical, and electrical coupling, and the effects of these methods on operation of nuclear power plants are discussed. Additionally, solutions for the integration of energy storage systems are presented, such as the redundant design of turbines and the design of heat exchanger-based energy storage. The research points out that, the development of energy storage technologies will offer a broader array of flexible technological options for nuclear power stations, aiding nuclear power in playing an even more critical role in the global energy transition.