Two genuses and species of Orchidaceae, Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume and Tainia dunnii Rolfe, together with other two species, Bulbophyllum henanense J. L. Lu and Goodyera yangmeishanensis T. P. Lin, were reported as new records to Hubei province. The morphological characteristics were briefly described, and color photos were provided. The new records enrich the wild orchid resources and are of great significance for further study of orchid plants and biodiversity conservation in Hubei province.

In this paper, a combination of traditional morphological features and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis was used to identify and describe a gasteroid fungus collected from Guangdong. The studied specimens is Asperosporus subterraneus Karlsen-Ayala, Gazis & M.E. Sm., a member of the new genus Asperosporus Karlsen-Ayala, Gazis & M.E. Sm. of Agaricaceae which newly reported from Florida, USA, and firstly reported from China. A. subterraneus was mainly characterized by its irregular spherical basidiomata, white to grayish white at first, then becoming brownish when mature, rapidly stain pinkish-red when cut or bruised, earthy smell, Basidiospores, 14-18 μm×11-16 μm, broadly elliptical to subglobose and thick-walled basidiospores ornamented with larger pyramidal to irregular warts, turn to orange brown in 5% KOH solution and dark brown when added to Melzer solution, and the spores were often attached with sterigma remnants. Specimens were deposited in the Fungarium of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology (GDGM).

In order to reveal the genome characteristics of HNU24, which has excellent antagonistic ability to Ralstonia solanacearum, its complete genome was sequenced by the BGISEQ-500 and ONT PromethION technology, and the genome assembly, gene prediction, function annotation, and protein homology analysis also were conducted. Phylogenetic analysis results demonstrated that HNU24 belonged to Bacillus velezensis. Its completed genomic sequence length was 3 932 768 bp, GC content was 46.48%, and had 3822 genes. A total of 43 carbohydrate active enzyme gene families were identified in the genome, and the cellulase activity experiment further confirmed that the strain HNU24 had the ability to degrade cellulose. Thirteen clusters of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes were predicted in genome, including eight compounds: surfactin, fengycin, plantazolicin, butirosin A/butirosin B, macrolactin, bacillaene, difficidin, bacillibactin and bacilysin, which have been reported as the antibacterial components. Five unknown components, which were found no homologous genes or were less similar to the known database sequences, may be new compounds that have not been identified and reported. In addition, greenhouse experiment demonstrated that HNU24 had significant growth promoting effect on tomato plants. Thus, HNU24 may antagonize R. solanacearum and promote tomato growth by secreting active compounds, and it is a potential biofertilizer strain. The relevant results would lay a foundation for further research and application of HNU24 in biological control.

The evaluation index system of heat resistance of Camellia gauchowensis Chang was studied to screen out varieties with strong heat resistance, and to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of heat resistant varieties. Using six Camellia gauchowensis Chang clones as the test materials, 14 leaf morpholog, anatomical structure and leaf stoma related indexes were measured by image software analysis, paraffin section and nail polish blotting methods. Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS software to screen out the main indicators related to heat resistance. The average membership function was calculated by EXCEL software for comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance and ranking. The leaves of C. gauchowensis Chang were composed of upper and lower epidermal cells, mesophyll tissue cells and leaf midribs. The leaf was ectopic leaves, the thickness of the upper epidermis was greater than that of the lower epidermis, the stomata was distributed in the lower epidermis, the palisade tissue was closely arranged 1-2 layers, and the spongy tissue was loosely arranged. leaf midribs were mainly composed of upper and lower epidermis and closely arranged vascular bundles. There were significant differences in leaf morphology and anatomical structure among the six clones (P<0.05). The 14 indicators were divided into four categories by systematic clustering. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were in the first category, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, leaf structure compactness and palisade-sea ratio were in the second category, thickness of the upper epidermis, the thickness of the lower epidermis, leaf structure porosity, sponge tissue thickness and stomatal density were in the third category, and thickness of the leaf midrib and the thickness of the vascular bundle were in forth category. Leaf area, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle thickness were found to be the typical indicators of heat resistance of C. gauchowensis Chang by correlation coefficients analysis. The membership function formula was used to calculate the four typical indicators, and the comprehensive calculation and sorting were carried out according to the average membership degree. The heat resistance ranking of the six C. gauchowensis Chang clones was A16>A5>HMZ24>A11>HM19>HMZ25. The leaf indicators affecting the heat resistance of C. gauchowensis Chang are mainly leaf area, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle tissue thickness. There is a big difference in the analysis of a certain index, and the comprehensive comparative analysis through the membership function method can reflect the difference in heat resistance of Camellia gauchowensis Chang.

Simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have been confirmed to be high sensitivity and specificity. Development of molecular markers related to different types of fruit quality traits of Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. can provide reference for its molecular assisted breeding to a considerable extent. The fully mature fruits of C. album cv. Changying and Huiyuan were collected to use as materials. After total RNA extraction and cDNA library construction, the transcriptome was sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq platform, and the SSR, SNP and InDel loci characteristics of the transcriptome were analyzed by MISA 1.0 and GATK3 software. Results showed that a total of 13 935 SSR loci were identified from 10 124 unigenes of C. album fruit transcriptome, the average 1 kb sequence appeared 0.25 SSR loci, the frequency and average length was 22.98% and 14.34 bp, respectively. Among them, the single base repeat type had the largest number of SSR loci (accounting for 66.80%), with a length of 10-64 bp, and an average length of 12.85 bp, the repeat times of repeat motifs were concentrated in 9-12, and the motif with the highest frequency was A/T (accounting for 66.67%). The number of SSR loci of six base repeat motif type was the least (0.47%), the length was 30-54 bp, which average length was 31.76 bp, the number of motif repeats was concentrated in 5-8 times, and the motif with the highest frequency was AGATGG/ATCTCC (0.04%). A total of 284 992 SNP loci were detected in the transcriptome of C. album fruit, the average 1 kb sequence contained 5.21 SNP loci; Among them, the number of SNP loci of transformation type was 166 162, including C/T and A/G. The number of SNP loci of transversion type was 118 830, including A/T, A/C, T/G and C/G. In addition, 18 548 InDel loci were found in the transcriptome of C. album fruit, the average 1 kb sequence existed 2.95 InDel loci. The number of unigenes containing one InDel locus was the largest. It was predicted that the unigene containing the most InDel loci might be the callose synthase gene. These results showed that SSR and SNP/InDel markers could be effectively developed through RNA-seq. The SSR loci and SNP/InDel loci were widely distributed in C. album fruits with different quality traits. The results would provide a data basis for the development of identification markers of C. album fruit traits.

Salt damage is a common factor that hinders the normal growth of plants in agriculture. The southern end of Guangxi has a long coastline facing the South China Sea. Bananas are widely planted on the coastline. Seawater is often poured into the land, causing high concentrations of salt stress. Every year from August to September is the high-incidence period of typhoons. The water vapor formed from the South China Sea enters the inland with the typhoon, which will cause low-concentration salt stress. In this paper, taking Pisang Awak as the research material, the nutrient elements and soil components of each part of the Pisang Awak plant under salt stress were measured, the absorption and distribution characteristics of the elements were studied, and the mechanism of salt tolerance was analyzed. The results showed that: when the salt concentration of soil was 0.01%, the nutrient element content of each part was not significantly different from that of the control; when the salt concentration was greater than 0.01%, with the increase of the salt concentration, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total magnesium and total calcium showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the higher concentration of salt stress reduced the ability of Pisang Awak to absorb nutrients from the soil, but the total magnesium and total calcium content of leaves decreased more slowly than those of other parts, and the proportion of the decline was lower. It was also lower than those of other parts, indicating that the leaves might have the ability to selectively absorb Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺; when the salt concentration was greater than 0.01%, the Cl and Na contents of roots and pseudostems increased rapidly, and the increase speed and amplitude were much greater than those of leaves and bulbs. Therefore, it is believed that the mechanism of salt tolerance of Pisang Awak is that more Cl and Na were stored in the root and that Cl and Na were absorbed by the stem during the transportation to the leaves. When the salt concentration was greater than 0.2%, the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the high concentration of salt hindered the flow of mineral ions in the soil to the root surface. The research results could provide a data basis for the changes of elements in various parts of Guangxi Pisang Awak and the changes of soil components when they are subjected to seawater inversion and typhoon weather.

In this study, 20 phenotypic traits of 81 Capsicum annuum germplasm resources were analyzed by genetic diversity, correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the genetic diversity index (H´) of the 20 phenotypic traits was 5.91-6.32, Shannon-Wiener diversity index of leaf shape was the highest, and one quantitative trait had the coefficient of variation (CV) of 29.28%, indicating that rich genetic diversity in the phenotypic traits of 81 C. annuum germplasms. The correlation analysis indicated that there were 65 correlation coefficients between traits reaching significant or extremely significant level, indicating that most phenotypic traits influenced and promoted each other. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 57.526%, and represented the main information of phenotypic traits of C. annuum, indicating that the four principal components could reflect the basic characteristics of 20 phenotypic traits. Based on the eigenvalue and contribution rate, fruit shape, fruit shoulder shape, leaf shape, nodal position of first flower, spicy taste, fruit color, cotyledon color, main stem color, anther color, hypocotyl color and style color were the main factors causing phenotypic differences of C. annuum germplasms. The cluster analysis results showed that the 81 C. annuum germplasms were divided into 5 groups at a genetic distance of 16.0 which effectively distinguished the germplasm of different genetic relationships. Group Ⅰ contained 21 germplasms that were C. chinense Jacquin, which had light green cotyledon, flat lantern fruit shape and extremely spicy taste. Group Ⅱ contained 38 germplasms which were mainly based on C. annuum var. lgrossum, and the main characteristics were no stem hair, medium branching, lantern fruit shaped and no spicy taste. Group Ⅲ contained 20 germplasms that were mainly based on C. annuum var. longum, which were mainly characterized by no shoulder shape, purple hypocotyl and spicy taste. Group Ⅳ and Group Ⅴ were composed of one germplasm, indicating that the two germplasm (L206 and L508) were far related to other germplasms and could be used for parental selection in C. annuum breeding. The research would provide an important reference for the utilization, innovation of C. annuum germplasm resources and variety breeding.

Mulching with plant residues is a common method used in agricultural and forestry production, which has significant effects on soil moisture conservation, soil fertility improvement, plant growth promotion and solving the problem of soil bareness. In recent years, the application of green waste to urban green land mulching is the focus of landscape industry in China and abroad and the main application and development direction of compost besides returning to soil. At present, the research and application of green waste mulch mainly focus on composting mulch and dyeing mulch, and there are few reports on the systematic comparison of the mulch effects of different components of native materials. For proven after simple processing green waste native materials mulching influence on plant growth, taking Ixora chinensis Lam. as the research object, the green wastes were collected according to turfgrass clippings (TCS), leaves (LVS), mixture of branches and leaves (MBL), branches (BCS), and then were crushed, air-dried as native mulches material to test and set up three mulching thickness (3 cm, 6 cm and 9 cm), with bare soil without mulch as the control. The effects of different treatments on growth parameters, mineral nutrients and SPAD of above-ground parts of I. chinensis Lam. were analyzed after 21 months of planting. The results showed that compared with the control, mulches significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, biomass, SPAD and N content in stem and leaf of I. chinensis Lam. The variation trend of P content in stem and leaf and K content in stem of each treatment was different due to the difference of mulch material type and thickness, but had no obvious effect on leaf K content. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between the growth parameters and the N content of stems and leaves and SPAD, and the P content was significant positive correlated with the weight of fresh leaves. Comprehensive evaluation by principal component analysis indicated that mulches treatments on each index of the comprehensive performance of I. chinensis Lam. was superior to the control. Treatments could be divided into two categories according to principal component comprehensive, category one, MBL & BCS with the thickness of 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm LVS with 6 cm and 9 cm with better effect on promoting the growth of Ixora chinensis Lam., and category two, TCS with thickness of 3 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm and LVS with thickness of 3 cm with relatively poor growth promoting effect. This study screened out the components and mulching thickness of green waste raw materials suitable for organic mulch through comparative evaluation of the indexes affecting the growth of I. chinensis Lam., which could provide reference for the promotion and application of green waste as organic mulch.

In this study, 29 new sugarcane lines were evaluated on adaptation by multiple statistics analysis to select new lines with excellent overall trait performance. The variation coefficients of 10 phenotypic traits ranged from 3.52% to 184.52%, the variation coefficients of smut rate was the highest. Correlation analysis showed that the cane yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with plant height and sugar yield, the smut rate was extremely negatively correlated with sucrose content and gravity purity. The results of principal compoment analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of 4 principal component factors was 85.019%, among which the first principal component was related to cane yield, quality and diseases, the second principal component was related to sugar yield and cane yield, the third principal component was related to quality and stalk diameter, the fourth principal component was related to fiber cane. Based on cluster analysis, the 31 new sugarcane lines were divided into 5 groups, among which group Ⅰ, including 6 lines, had the highest sucrose content; group Ⅱ, including 10 lines, had the lowest agronomic traits; group Ⅲ, including 5 lines, had the lowest smut rate and the highest cane yield and sugar yield; group Ⅳ, including 4 lines, had the highest smut rate and the lowest sucrose content; group Ⅴ, including 6 lines, had the lowest cane yield and sugar yield. Stepwise discriminant analysis gave every group probability of 100%. GNZ151505, GT17-232, GT13-1154, GT17-929, GT16-151 in group Ⅲ showed good comprehensive features. HT15-5, GT15-1074, GT15-1131, GT13-1004, GT12-284, GT17-910 in group Ⅰhad the highest sucrose content and the lower smut rate, could be used as high sugar content parents and highly resistant smut parents.

Solanum xanthocarpum fruits are used as the test material, and the extraction process of chlorogenic acid is studied in detail by using the ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction test method. Values of four group parameters for the volume solubility of ethanol aqueous solution, ratio of liquid to the material, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature were adjusted, and then the proposed extraction process parameters of chlorogenic acid from single-factor experiments and the corresponding results were optimized. The optimized parameters were ethanol concentration 65%, ratio of liquid to material 50 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃ and ultrasonic time 40 min. On the basis of the above single factor optimization results, the final quadratic multiphase mathematical model was obtained further by optimization from the Box-Behnken response surface method. The extraction process parameters were ethanol concentration 64.7%, liquid-to-solid ratio 55.8 mL/g, and ultrasonic temperature 56.0 ℃ for 40.5 min, and the optimal extraction rate of chlorogenic acid was 6.81%. The extract of S. xanthocarpum fruits had good antioxidant capacity to DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging with IC₅₀ values of 55.7 mg/L and 20.1 mg/L, respectively.