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In this study, 20 phenotypic traits of 81 Capsicum annuum germplasm resources were analyzed by genetic diversity, correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The result showed that the genetic diversity index (H´) of the 20 phenotypic traits was 5.91-6.32, Shannon-Wiener diversity index of leaf shape was the highest, and one quantitative trait had the coefficient of variation (CV) of 29.28%, indicating that rich genetic diversity in the phenotypic traits of 81 C. annuum germplasms. The correlation analysis indicated that there were 65 correlation coefficients between traits reaching significant or extremely significant level, indicating that most phenotypic traits influenced and promoted each other. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 57.526%, and represented the main information of phenotypic traits of C. annuum, indicating that the four principal components could reflect the basic characteristics of 20 phenotypic traits. Based on the eigenvalue and contribution rate, fruit shape, fruit shoulder shape, leaf shape, nodal position of first flower, spicy taste, fruit color, cotyledon color, main stem color, anther color, hypocotyl color and style color were the main factors causing phenotypic differences of C. annuum germplasms. The cluster analysis results showed that the 81 C. annuum germplasms were divided into 5 groups at a genetic distance of 16.0 which effectively distinguished the germplasm of different genetic relationships. Group Ⅰ contained 21 germplasms that were C. chinense Jacquin, which had light green cotyledon, flat lantern fruit shape and extremely spicy taste. Group Ⅱ contained 38 germplasms which were mainly based on C. annuum var. lgrossum, and the main characteristics were no stem hair, medium branching, lantern fruit shaped and no spicy taste. Group Ⅲ contained 20 germplasms that were mainly based on C. annuum var. longum, which were mainly characterized by no shoulder shape, purple hypocotyl and spicy taste. Group Ⅳ and Group Ⅴ were composed of one germplasm, indicating that the two germplasm (L206 and L508) were far related to other germplasms and could be used for parental selection in C. annuum breeding. The research would provide an important reference for the utilization, innovation of C. annuum germplasm resources and variety breeding.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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