Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Environmental water deficiency triggers an osmotic stress signaling cascade. OSCA1 was described as a hyperosmolarity-gated calcium-permeable channel and its function in osmosensing in plants, homologues of OSCA genes are found throughout eukaryotes. Water is crucial to plant growth and development. As one of the primary horticulture commodities, tomato plays an important role in vegetable research. To enhance the survival and yield of tomatoes in drought conditions, it is essential to thoroughly study the function of SlOSCA genes and their drought-resistant mechanisms. Based on reverse genetics, we selected SlOSCA1.1/1.2/1.6/2.3/3.1 as our target genes through bioinformatics analysis, the slosca mutant of tomato was made by CRISPR/cas9-mediated gene editing directly in AC (Ailsa Craig). To explore the role of tomato SlOSCA protein family members in the response to osmotic stress. Here, we found impaired guard cell osmotic stress signaling and attenuated plant responses to osmotic stress in slosca3.1/1.1 plants, impaired osmotic stress signaling and attenuated plant responses to osmotic stress in slosca1.6/1.2/2.3 plants, the slosca1.6/1.2/2.3 plants showed lower water use efficiency and poorer drought resistance, there is genetic redundancy in OSCA. In this study, slosca mutants were constructed and then the physiological phenotypes of the mutants were investigated, which revealed that multiple genes of the SlOSCA family cooperatively regulate responses to osmotic stress, this study provides a reference for subsequent analysis of the biological functions of OSCA gene family under different stress conditions and different physiological processes.

The high-yield variety XX 048 was used as the maternal parent, and the asexual offspring of F₁ excellent single plants through open pollination and hybridization was obtained to select a new variety of cassava with good plant type, high yield, high starch, and wide adaptability. After a series of systematic breeding procedures such as sowing and seedling cultivation, field transplantation, single plant selection, single row experiment, line ratio experiment, regional experiment, and production experiment, a new cassava variety Gui 1505 with high yield, high starch, low hydrogen cyanide, and strong adaptability for both fresh food and processing was developed. The variety is an upright plant type, with mature stem outer skin being gray white and inner skin being green. The tubers are distributed irregularly and concentrated, with a cylindrical conical shape. The outer skin of the tubers is light brown, the inner skin is light red, and the flesh of the tubers is white. The average fresh potato yield of Gui 1505 in regional and production trials reached 46.68 t/hm² and 49.69 t/hm², respectively, both higher than the control NZ199. The starch content of the root tuber was more than 29.05%. The average hydrogen cyanide content in fresh potatoes was 20-30 mg/kg, which is lower than the control. The field identification result of mite resistance is moderate. It is suitable for planting in major cassava producing areas such as Guangxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan. This study provides new germplasm resources for China to achieve high-quality cassava production, which is of great significance for promoting potato farmers' income and enterprise efficiency.

Tropical region is rich in plant genetic diversity with great demand for the safe preservation of plant germplasm resources. Cryopreservation [with liquid nitrogen (LN)] is an important method for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm resources. Although cryopreservation protocol often requires optimization for different species, it ensures the use of minimum space and the regular LN supply to facilitate the long-term preservation of genetic resources once established, thereby greatly reducing the labor input and costs in the long run. The cryogenic technique has been studied for more than half a century and has achieved survival and regeneration of plant materials such as seeds, shoot tips and pollen, as well as cell suspension and callus tissue after cryopreservation. To fully introduce the use of cryopreservation to secure valuable tropical plant species and support the development of tropical agricultural sciences, this review first focuses on the shoot tip and dormant shoot segment cryopreservation to review the research history and technological development of plant cryopreservation. The research advances of cryopreservation in tropical plant species were emphasized using shoot tips, seeds (zygotic embryos), pollen, cell suspension, and callus. The importance of genetic stability analysis after cryopreservation was also introduced before highlighting the importance and prospects of applying cryopreservation for long-term preservation of shoot tips, recalcitrant seeds, and embryogenic tissues and cells of tropical crops.

The study was aimed to study the effects of potassium fulvic acid (FA-K) and endophytic agents (single/combined) on the growth of sugarcane of Yuncane 08-1609 under the condition of halving the amount of conventional chemical fertilizers and to provide a reference for the subsequent research on high-efficiency organic compound bacterial fertilizer for increasing yield and weight loss in the sugar cane industry. The effects of endophytic agents on the growth of sugarcane seedlings and the growth-promoting effects of different fertilization formula treatment [conventional fertilizer application rate (F₁), 50% conventional fertilizer application rate + potassium fulvic acid (F₂)] and endophytic agent treatment on the growth of sugarcane seedlings and the interaction were investigated through soaking seed germination test and pot experiment. The “B9+YC89” compound agent could significantly promote the growth of sugarcane seedlings, compared with F₁, F₂ fertilization formula and endophytic agent could significantly improve agronomic traits, photosynthetic and physiological indexes of sugarcane seedlings, and F₂ treatment could significantly increase stem diameter, fresh dry weight, +1 leaf area, root activity, photosynthetic index, soluble protein and soluble sugar content, and glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase (GS and GOGAT) activities of sugarcane plants. F₂“B9+YC89” treatment had the most significant effects on +1 leaf length, +1 leaf area, number of main stem leaves, dry weight, root activity, photosynthesis, soluble matter content and two enzyme activities. In summary, in sugarcane production, the use of “B9+YC89” compound microbial agent soaking and germination can promote the germination of sugarcane seedlings. Under the condition of 50% conventional chemical fertilizer, potassium fulvic acid further promoted the seedling growth of Yuncane 08-1609 compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, and the combined application of potassium fulvic acid and “B9+YC89” compound microbial agent could effectively promote the seedling growth of Yuncane 08-1609. The study are conducive to promoting the development of weight loss and efficiency increase in sugarcane industry, and provide ideas for new cultivation and planting technologies.

Plant flowering induction is strictly controlled by key regulatory factors of endogenous and environmental signals, which consist of at least 6 closely interlinked but divergent genetic regulation pathways. As an important member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family, Flowering Locus T (FT), plays a key role in different pathways. There are two FT genes in hevea, ectopic overexpression in both Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco can promote early flowering. Quantitative expression analysis of hevea leaves in different months of one year showed that the expression of the two genes was different, and HbFT2 may be a candidate gene. In this study, 35S::HbFT1 and 35S::HbFT2 were transferred into rubber tree by the method of somatic embryo genetic transformation, and 2 and 3 positive embryos were obtained, respectively, and identified as positive by GUS staining. Plants that were directly regenerated by positive embryos or regenerated after secondary somatic embryo propagation were expanded by bud grafting. There were 4 and 7 overexpressing transgenic positive plants of HbFT1 and HbFT2, respectively, but no flowering was seen after 7 years of field planting. The transgenic plants were confirmed as positive plants by both PCR and GUS staining. qRT-PCR analysis of inducing flowering genes of HbFT1 and HbFT2 and inhibiting flowering genes of HbTFL1/CEN showed that the expression of HbFT1 in 35S::HbFT1 positive plants was significantly higher than that of wild-type control, and the expression of HbFT2 gene was relatively low. The expression results of HbFT2 in 35S::HbFT2 positive plants showed that only two were significantly higher than that in the control, and the other 5 plants were not different from the control, and the expression of HbFT1 gene was relatively low. Although the expression of HbFT1 in 35S::HbFT1 positive plants was significantly higher than that in the control, the differences between the progeny obtained from the same positive embryos were also significant, and the expression of HbFT2 in two 35S::HbFT2 positive plants were significant too, which was speculated to be related to the chimerism of embryo transformation. The expression analysis of inhibitory flowering genes showed that the expression of some inhibitory flowering genes was significantly higher than that of FT genes. It was speculated that the early flowering phenotype was not realized because of the high expression of inhibitory flowering genes, and the balanced regulation of FT/TFL1 also existed in hevea.

Plant bHLH transcription factor is one of the key factor of ethylene and jasmonic acid hormone signal transduction pathway, and plays an important role in the yield formation and latex flow in rubber trees. A bHLH transcription factor was cloned from the leaves of Reyan73397 designed as HbbHLH48 (GenBank: PQ303617), with a total length of 1128 bp encoding 375 amino acids. Its encoded protein has the highest similarity to Arabidopsis AtbHLH48, and belongs to the XVII subgroup. Bioinformatics analysis showed that it contained the bHLH_SF superfamily domain, but did not contain the transmembrane domain and signal peptide. The expression levels in flowers, leaves and latex were higher than those in roots and stems. Mechanical injury treatment down-regulated its expression in tapping trees. Methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and ethephon treatments initially significantly upregulate their expression and then downregulate it, while the expression pattern with gibberellin treatment is opposite to them. Subcellular localization analysis revealed it to be in the nucleus. It can be seen that HbbHLH48 is a member of the plant bHLH transcription factor family, and its function in Hevea brasiliensis may be involved in the gibberellin process, thereby regulating the flowering process and latex biosynthesis process, laying the foundation for further in-depth research.

To scientifically evaluate the pollination performance of Macadamia integrifolia by the dominant bee species in China (Apis cerana cerana), we investigated the flowering biological characteristics of M. integrifolia, the pollination behavior of A. cerana cerana, and the effects on M. integrifolia yield and quality by A. cerana cerana pollination in Ximeng Va Autonomous county of China. The results showed that the number of flowers per raceme in macadamia cultivars A4 was in a normal distribution, ranging from 174 to 532 flowers, with an average of 334.0±48.8. The most frequent number of flowers range was 272-374, accounting for 72.17%. The order of A4 floret opening was from the base of inflorescence axis to the top, accounting for 60.24%, from the middle of inflorescence axis to both ends, accounting for 34.94%, and from the top to the base of inflorescence axis, accounting for 4.82%. In M. integrifolia full-bloom stage, the number of A. cerana cerana left colony, back to colony, and pollen-collecting workers increased at first, and then decreased with the time. The number of A. cerana cerana left colony, back to colony workers were mainly concentrated in 12: 00—15: 00, and with the peak period at 15: 00, then, it decreased sharply after 16: 00. The number of pollen-collecting back to colony workers was mainly concentrated in 12: 00—14: 00, and with the peak at 13: 00. The number of A. cerana cerana visiting flowers was significantly higher than that of Apis dorsata and Apis florea, but A. cerana cerana had a shorter per raceme visiting time. The number of visiting flowers workers of A. cerana cerana increased at first, then decreased with time, and the time of the visiting activity was mainly concentrated in 13: 00—17: 10. The correlation analysis results showed that the daily collection activities of A. cerana cerana were greatly influenced by light intensity, temperature and humidity. The average fruit setting rate of per raceme of M. integrifolia by A. cerana cerana pollination significantly increased by 64.15%, and the proportion of raceme falling reduced by 55.39% compared with the control, respectively. In addition, the weight, transverse and vertical diameter of single fruit, the seed rate, the kernel rate, total nitrogen content, crude protein content, crude fat content and 22 kinds of fatty acids content of fruit kernels pollinated by A. cerana cerana were higher than those of the control. The content of saturated fatty acids such as octanoic acid, capric acid, behenic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids 11,14-eicosadienoic acid were significantly higher than those of the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, A. cerana cerana pollination could reduce the shedding of inflorescences, significantly increase fruit setting rate, and improve the yield and quality to a certain extent at the M. integrifolia flowering stage.

This paper reported the detailed morphological characteristics and the external genitalia of Allocarsidara malayensis, the COI sequence of A. malayensis was amplified and sequenced, its damages characteristic in the field were provided and potential suitable habitats in China was predicted. Based on 25 effective distribution points and 19 climate environmental factors, maximum entropy niche-based modeling (MaxEnt) combined with geographic information system (ArcGIS) was used to predict the potential suitable habitats for A. malayensis under historic climatic conditions. ROC curve analysis method was used to validate, knife-edge method was used to analyze the major environmental variables influencing the distribution of the A. malayensis. The potential suitable habitats of A. malayensis was mainly in the tropical areas near the equator of Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, South America and North America. In China, there was potential suitable habitats in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces for A. malayensis. The key environmental variables that had the greatest impact on the potential suitable habitats of A. malayensis were the precipitation of wettest month (Bio13) and precipitation of wettest quarter (Bio16). The investigation showed that A. malayensis had occurred in some durian gardens in Sanya and Baoting of Hainan, and the damage was serious in some of the gardens. The adults lay eggs in the unopened leaves at the shoot apex, and both adults and nymphs pierce the young leaf and suck the cell sap, that may cause leaves twisting, discoloration and small. Both adults and nymphs secrete honeydew, which induces sooty mould and reduces the photosynthesis. If no control measure applied, severe infestation may cause leaves drop in advance, stunted growth or even cause tree death. As the potential suitable habitats of A. malayensis was almost consistent with the durian planted region, in order to prevent the pest further spread to other regions, provide guarantee for the healthy development of durian industry in China, it is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of A. malayensis, study its biological characteristics and the population dynamics, which would provide a theoretical basis for further development of economical and efficient control strategy for A. malayensis.

This study investigated the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and salicylic acid (SA) on the growth and physiological characterisics of Camellia oleifera seedlings subjected to NaCl stress, aiming to provide theoretical basis for enhancing the resistance of tea oil plants. One-year-old C. oleifera seedlings were utilized, and the impact of varying concentrations of ABA, CaCl₂, and SA on growth parameters and related physiological indicators was assessed under NaCl stress. Under sole NaCl stress conditiongs, significant increase was observed in height growth, total dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, soluble protein content, soluble sugar levels, membrane permeability, MDA, H₂O₂ content, as well as SOD and POD activities in C. oleifera seedlings. Furthermore, external application of different substances under NaCl stress enhanced height growth, total dry weight, soluble protein content, soluble sugar levels while reducing root-to-shoot ratio along with membrane permeability and MDA content in the seedlings. Comprehensive evaluation using membership function analysis indicated that treatment with 40 mmol/L CaCl₂ was most effective in mitigating NaCl-induced damage to C. oleifera seedlings; this was followed by treatments with 200 µmol/L SA and 100 µmol/L SA.

The study was aimed to explore the mechanism of inhibiting the hygroscopic behavior of wheat gluten (WG) on pineapple powder, and provide theoretical guidance for the processing and storage of pineapple powder. The moisture sorption isotherms of four WG added amounts (0, 10%, 20% and 30%) of pineapple powder were determined by the gravimetric method. Seven classical mathematical models were used to fit the sorption experimental data. By comparison of the determination coefficients (R²) and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the estimate, the model with the highest fitting degree was ascertained and its mathematical expression was determined. Then the safe storage moisture of pineapple powder was calculated. By the analysis of binding energy between water and materials, the relationship of equilibrium moisture content versus binding energy was plotted, and the effect of WG on moisture sorption isotherms properties of pineapple powder was explained from a thermodynamic perspective. In the process of moisture sorption at room temperature (25 ℃), the equilibrium moisture content increased with the increase of water activity (a_w), and higher the amount of WG would lead to smaller increase. At an a_w of 0.753, the equilibrium moisture content of the four samples was 0.2068, 0.1921, 0.1763 and 0.1530 g/g, respectively. The moisture sorption isotherm of pineapple powder belongs to type III isotherm, the Peleg model had the best fitting effect, followed by GAB, Henderson, Mod-BET and Oswin model, the fitting effect of Halsey and Smith model were poor. The R² fitted by Peleg model for all samples were above 0.995, and the RMSE between 0.0112-0.0137. The model fitting verification results showed that the predicted value of Peleg model had a high linear relationship with the experimental value, which could reflect the equilibrium moisture content of pineapple powder more accurately. According to the theory of food safety storage moisture, the relative safe moisture content of the four samples was 0.1421, 0.1308, 0.1168 and 0.1017 g/g, and the absolute safe moisture content was 0.0803, 0.0721, 0.0615 and 0.0501 g/g, respectively, by the above fitting model expression. In addition, the results of binding energy analysis showed that the binding energy of water and materials decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture content, and the addition of WG could effectively reduce the binding energy, thus reducing the adsorption capacity of materials to water molecules. Under the equilibrium moisture content of 0.20 g/g, the binding energy of the material and water decreased by 0.0396 kJ/mol on average for every 10% increase of WG addition.