Xinglong coffee, a pillar of the local characteristic agriculture in Wanning, faces severe threats to its sustainable production from anthracnose. This disease can cause leaf scorching, branch ulcers, and berry brown rot, making it one of the major diseases in the industry. In this study, samples of coffee anthracnose were collected from the main coffee-growing areas in Wanning and the pathogenic fungi were isolated. The pathogenic fungi were identified through the combined analysis of multiple genes, including ITS, TUB2, CHS-1, ACT and GAPDH. Furthermore, a rapid detection system based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique was established. 50 typical disease samples were collected, and through tissue separation and purification, a total of 24 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained. The pathogen population structure in the five planting areas of Wanning was clarified to comprise four species of Colletotrichum spp.: C. tropicale, C. karstii, C. fructicola, and the dominant species was C. siamense (accounting for 45.8%). Based on the specific region of TUB2, a specific LAMP primer set (Tub-L1) was designed and screened. The optimized reaction parameters were established as follows: isothermal amplification at 63 ℃ for 50 minutes, outer-inner primer concentration ratio of 8∶1, Mg²⁺ 8 mmol/L, dNTPs 0.8 mmol/L, and without the need for betaine. Validation experiments demonstrated that the detection sensitivity of this system reached 100 pg/μL (10 times higher than conventional PCR). Furthermore, the system showed no positive reactions to seven closely related species within Colletotrichum spp. (including C. tropicale, C. fructicola, C. karstii) or seven non-target plant pathogens [including Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust), Diaporthe phaseolorum, and others]. Using the optimized LAMP detection system, the diseased leaf samples collected from the field were analyzed. C. siamense was successfully detected in all samples, and the results were completely consistent with those obtained by conventional PCR methods. In summary, the LAMP-based rapid detection system for Colletotrichum sp. established and optimized in this study demonstrates significant advantages, including simplified operation, high reaction efficiency, strong specificity, enhanced sensitivity, and visualizable results, making it highly suitable for field-based rapid detection of C. siamense. This system would provide reliable technical support for the precise identification and efficient detection of coffee anthracnose fungus, and have important practical significance and application value for the early warning, disease monitoring, and integrated control of coffee anthracnose.

Sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids spp.) is an important sugar crop and cash crop in Guangxi. Revealing the characteristics of sugarcane nutrient requirements is an important foundation for promoting high yield, high quality and efficient cultivation of sugarcane. In recent years, the selection and application of new sugarcane varieties in China have been rapid. A field experiment was conducted in the main sugarcane producing areas of Guangxi on red upland soil to promote the efficient cultivation of new sugarcane varieties. The dry matter accumulation, nutrient accumulation, and nutrient efficiency of GT44, GT49, GT55, GT58 and YT00-236 in both plant and ratoon crops were analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in the 2^nd ratoon crop of the five varieties was significantly higher than that in the plant and 1^st ratoon crops. The accumulated amount of stalk dry matter and whole crop dry matter in three crops were the highest in GT58, reaching 66 946 kg/hm² and 96 785 kg/hm², respectively, which was 6.48%-19.01% and 2.57%-25.06% more than that in the other varieties, followed by YT 00-236, and the least in GT 49. The accumulation of N, P and K in the 2^nd ratoon crop was significantly higher than that in the plant and 1^st ratoon crops for all the varieties. In different crops, the accumulation of N, P and K in the five varieties was 99.81-212.18, 11.04-27.01, 150.09-400.29 kg/hm², respectively. The accumulated amount of N, P and K in the three crops was the highest in GT58, which increased by 5.16%-20.75%, 4.38%-31.85% and 6.29%-21.45%, respectively, compared with the other varieties, and that in GT49 was the lowest. The N, P, K requirement of a ton cane in different crops for the five varieties was 1.66-2.59, 0.19-0.30 and 2.76-3.76 kg, respectively, but GT44 and GT55 had more requirements while GT49 had less requirements. The economic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the three crops was higher in GT49, and the physiological efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher in YT00-236. In conclusion, the biological production of GT58 is better, and the nutrient efficiency of GT49 and YT0026 is higher.

The application of exogenous trace elements can help improve the yield and quality of certain economic crops. However, the effects of exogenous zinc on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and volatile compounds in Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandan) remain unclear. Therefore, this study established a field control experiment on Pandan leaves with different zinc spray treatments, 0 kg/hm² (CK), 3.2 kg/hm² (Zn₁), 4.0 kg/hm² (Zn₂), and 4.8 kg/hm² (Zn₃). The aim was to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of the photosynthetic rate and volatile compounds content following zinc fertilization. The results indicated that Zn₂ treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content, promoted the leaf growth and development, and resulted in the highest leaf count at all stages post-treatment. However, prolonged high-concentration zinc fertilization could inhibit leaf expansion and plant height. The photosynthetic physiology, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate increased with zinc concentration. Around 30 days post-treatment, Zn₃ treatment performed the best, followed by Zn₂ treatment. Zinc fertilization increased the content of volatile compounds. Zn₂ and Zn₃ treatments were notably effective in promoting the synthesis of several volatile compounds, such as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-hexadecanol, and ethyl palmitate. Under Zn₂ treatment, the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-hexadecanol increased by 203% and 80.89%, respectively, compared with CK. Zn1 treatment significantly increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content at 20 days post-application, while Zn₃ treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of squalene, neophytadiene, and phytol. Correlation analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in Pandan interacted with agronomic traits and photosynthetic physiological indicators. The increase in photosynthetic rate and leaf count promoted the synthesis of squalene and neophytadiene, whereas elevated intercellular CO₂ concentration might inhibit the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and squalene. This study demonstrates that appropriate zinc fertilization can effectively enhance photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, promote leaf growth, and boost the content of volatile compounds and characteristic volatile compounds in Pandan. The findings would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing high-efficiency cultivation techniques for Pandan and promoting the sustainable development of Pandan-related industries.

Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV), one of the major pathogens affecting orchids, seriously degrade the ornamental and economic value of orchids by causing leaf chlorosis, mottling, and floral deformities. To enable early-stage diagnosis, this study developed a rapid reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay targeting ORSV. Primers and a fluorescent probe were designed based on conserved regions of the ORSV coat protein (CP) gene. Specificity, sensitivity and field applicability of the assay were systematically validated in this study. Results identified F1/R1 as the optimal primer pair, enabling amplification within 20 minutes at 41 ℃. The method exhibited high specificity, distinguishing ORSV from Cymbidium mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus, and achieved a detection limit of 2.8×10^–5 ng/μL total RNA. Practical verification result of 20 Phalaenopsis field samples showed 100% concordance with TaqMan qPCR results. The RT-RPA assay would provide a rapid, sensitive, and field-deployable tool for ORSV surveillance, supporting timely disease management and sustainable orchid cultivation. Its simplicity and reliability make it particularly valuable for large-scale screening in industrial orchid production systems.

Monascus is usually used in food and medical industries. To explore the biocontrol potential of Monascus and its secondary metabolites against plant biocontrol pathogens, in this study, through the isolation and identification of the fungi from humus samples in the rain forest, a total of five strains growing well on the potato dextrose agar medium were screened, the colonies were red, with typical Monascus morphological characteristics. The strains were identified as Monascus sanguineus based on the sequencing and analysis of ITS, LSU and pksKS gene sequences, The results of antagonistic experiments showed that the five strains of Monascus had better and more obvious inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, F. oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilium, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. After fermentation of Monascus with different media, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis were carried out. It was found that Monascus could produce abundant secondary metabolites with strong antibacterial activity on solid medium, especially on wheat bran medium. The further pot experiment proved that Monascus could effectively reduce the wilt index of cowpea, and the best biocontrol effect was obtained when the spore concentration was 10⁶ CFU/mL. In summary, Monascus isolated from tropical rain forest showed good results of better biocontrol of plant diseases, and the secondary metabolites obtained by fermentation in rice medium had strong antibacterial activity, and could effectively control cowpea blight. Monascus strains isolated from tropical rain forest have great potential in plant disease biocontrol application, which can provide more abundant strains selection for plant disease biocontrol.

Albino plants lacking photosynthetic pigments are ideal materials for studying photosynthesis. In this study, albino Artocarpus heterophyllus seedlings (AAS) were found during the preliminary investigation. AAS have larger leaves, longer survival time and stable phenotypic traits, so it is a rare woody plant albino material. The expression of photosynthesis-related genes were analyzed through transcriptome sequencing technology and found that the expression of many genes in photosynthetic pigment synthesis, photosynthesis-antenna protein, photoreaction and carbon fixation reaction pathways were down-regulated in AAS leaf, also the expression of genes encoding heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HSP70-HSP90-organizing protein 3 (HOP3), which are considered to be key regulators in the plastid-nuclear signaling pathway, were up-regulated. This study discussed the cause of AAS from the synthesis pathway of photosynthetic pigment, and also discussed the expression of photosynthesis-related genes from the aspect of plastid-nuclear signal, which can provide reference for the research of this retrograde signaling pathway.

Crotalaria pallida is an annual diploid self-pollinating plant of the genus Crotalaria in the Fabaceae family. It was described and published by WILLIAM TOWNSEND in 1789. Geographical studies believe that the species originated in the southeastern part of the Africa continent and Madagascar. Biologically, the species have the characteristics of high seed yield, wide adaptability, and fast growth, which makes it widely spread and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The wide distribution has attracted the attention of ethnobotany and natural science research. It is generally believed that it is an important agricultural plant resource with great development potential in feed development, soil ecological restoration, and medicinal development. However, the utilization of C. pallida has always relied on wild resources, and research on accurate evaluation of germplasm resources, mining of genetic diversity, and breeding of excellent varieties is limited. This article reviews the research progress in the global distribution, biological learning, cultivation technology, feed value evaluation, soil nutrient maintenance, and medicinal value evaluation of C. pallida, and summarizes the current problems and future research directions, aiming to provide an important reference for promoting the research on the utilization.

In order to investigate the biocontrol ability and mechanism of Burkholderia GXMZU-5 with quorum quenching activity, the biocontrol effect was verified through experiments on bacterial soft rot of banana fruits and potted seedlings (Dickeya zeae GR-1), and the biocontrol mechanism was verified by measuring the content of biofilm, the ability to remove extracellular polysaccharides, the ability to inhibit the metabolic activity of biofilm, and PCR amplification of QQ enzyme homologous genes. The results showed that GXMZU-5 could effectively degrade acylhomoserine lactone (AHLs) signal molecules and had AHLs quenching ability. In the biocontrol experiment on banana fruits, the surface of the mixed bacteria experimental group was healthier than that of the control group, with no obvious black spots or soft rot signs. The cross-section and longitudinal section results of banana fruits showed that the lesion area of the treatment group was significantly reduced. In the potted plant control experiment, there were no obvious signs of rot at the injection site of the mixed bacteria group, and the natural plant height recovered by 56% compared with the pathogen group, indicating that GXMZU-5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the disease caused by Dickeya zeae GR-1. The results for exploring of the biocontrol mechanism showed that the total content of biofilm and the content of extracellular polysaccharides in the mixed bacteria system were lower than those of the two bacteria cultured separately. The MTT method for measuring biofilm metabolism indicated that GXMZU-5 could effectively reduce the biofilm metabolic activity of Dickeya zeae GR-1 and occupied a dominant position in the mixed bacteria system. The exploration of the biocontrol mechanism indicated that GXMZU-5 could reduce the biomass and vitality of Dickeya zeae GR-1 biofilm through quenching effect, thereby obtaining biocontrol ability. The amplification of QQ enzyme homologous genes showed that GXMZU-5 had the aiiA lactonase gene and could quench AHLs signal molecules. This study verified the biocontrol ability of GXMZU-5 and preliminarily explored its biocontrol mechanism, providing a certain reference basis for the use of quenching bacteria to control plant bacterial diseases.

Cibotium barometz, a nationally second-class protected plant in China, exhibits significant medicinal and ornamental value. It is naturally distributed in the southern regions of China and exhibits stringent requirements for its growth environment. Investigating the physiological response mechanisms of C. barometz to low-temperature stress can provide a scientific foundation for its artificial cultivation and the comprehensive development and utilization of its resources. This study utilized artificially cultivated C. barometz as the experimental material and established three temperature levels: 5 ℃, 15 ℃ and 25 ℃. Each temperature level was subjected to treatments lasting 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days, respectively. Following the stress treatment, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, physiological indicators, and total flavonoid content in the leaves were measured. The growth and physiological characteristics of C. barometz under different temperature conditions were analyzed based on the experimental results. The results indicated that following exposure to 5 ℃ and 15 ℃, the photosynthetic capacity of C. barometz leaves significantly decreased, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) markedly increased. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the levels of free proline (Pro) and soluble sugars. After 15 days of treatment at 5 ℃, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the leaves of C. barometz significantly increased. Proper low-temperature treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of total flavonoids in the leaves of C. barometz. On the 10th day of treatment at 5 ℃and 15 ℃, the total flavonoid content reached 688.78% and 511.01% of that in the 25 ℃ treatment group, respectively, representing the highest levels observed. This study demonstrated that low-temperature stress exerts differential effects on various physiological indicators in C. barometz. The activities of SOD and POD, and the total flavonoid content, can serve as key indicators for evaluating the cold tolerance of C. barometz seedlings. Temperatures of 15 ℃ and below can significantly reduce the photosynthetic capacity of C. barometz, leading to abiotic stress and a marked increase in the total flavonoid content in its leaves. This result could provide an important reference for optimizing temperature control conditions in the artificial cultivation of. C. barometz.

Coffee is an important economic crop in Yunnan, China. To investigate the effects of bee pollination on coffee production, this study examined the species of pollinating bees and the foraging behavior of dominant bee species during the coffee flowering period in Lisou, Ximeng, Yunnan. Additionally, the study evaluated and compared the fruit traits of coffee under bee pollination and control groups. The results showed that the bee species visiting coffee flowers included Apis dorsata, Apis cerana cerana, Apis florea and bumblebees (Bombus spp.), with A. dorsata and A. cerana cerana being the dominant species. A. dorsata visited coffee flowers throughout the day (from 9: 00 to 17: 00), while A. cerana cerana primarily foraged in the morning. However, the visiting duration per flower of A. cerana cerana was extremely significantly longer than that of A. dorsata (P<0.01). Introducing A. cerana cerana colonies increased the number of flower-visiting bees. Compared with the control group, the bee pollination group showed significantly higher fruit set rates, single fruit weight, seed weight, and seed number. Moreover, the fruit skins became thinner, and other traits improved, with a higher proportion of fruits reaching high maturity at harvest. The findings suggest that bee pollination can significantly improve coffee fruit traits, promote fruit maturation, and effectively enhance coffee quality. The results would provide a theoretical basis for improving coffee cultivation and productivity.