In order to determine the optimal conditions for the preparation of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes by Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), the influence of addition of coconut oil, complexation time and complexation temperature on the complexation index of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes was studied. The Box-Benhnken response surface method was used to optimize the process conditions for the preparation of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes. The optimal preparation parameters of the jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes were 4% of the addition of coconut oil, 2.40 min of complexation time, 90.70 ℃ of complexation temperature, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the experimental value of complex index was 24.33%, which was in good agreement with the value predicted by the model (24.64%). The gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, and though viscosity of jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes were higher than those of the raw starch, while the final viscosity and setback value were lower than those of the raw starch. This indicated the thermal stability of the complex was improved. The swelling ability of the starch was restricted when the jackfruit starch-coconut oil complexes was formed, resulting in the lower swelling power and a lower solubility than those of the raw starch.

The object of this study was to investigate the growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate of 'Shatangju' mandarin grafted on various rootstocks. The tree vigor, net photosynthesis (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), leaf chlorophyll, carbohydrates of 'Shatangju' mandarin budded on Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis Swingle), Trifoliate orange [P. trifoliate (L.) Raf.], 'Shatangju' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju), Fragrant orange (C. junos Sieb.ex Tanaka), Rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush) were evaluated. The scion height, trunk cross-section area (TCSA), leaf area and shoot length of 'Shatangju' on Fragrant orange and Rough lemon were significantly bigger than that on the Ichang papeda. The lowest affinity was found with Ichang papeda, which showed the highest rootstock/scion ratio (2.08). Total leaf chlorophyll content range from 0.85 mg/g FW to 1.40 mg/g FW, significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content was found in trees grafted on Rough lemon and Trifoliate orange than other grafting combinations. Trees on Fragrant orange had the highest net photosynthesis (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), while Ichang papeda induced the lowest photosynthesis rates. As the production of CO₂ photosynthesis, high photosynthesis efficiency led to higher carbohydrate (total soluble sugar, sucrose, reduced sugar content) in 'Shangtangju' leaves budded onto Fragrant orange and Rough lemon rootstocks compared to trees on the Ichang papeda. The data confirmed that the low affinity of Ichang papeda rootstock and 'Shatangju' mandarin scion combination caused the lower photosynthesis efficiency and tree vegetative growth. The Fragrant orange rootstock could be a suitable candidate for the 'Shangtangju' mandarin production in citriculture.

Mangifera indica Linn. is a tropical and subtropical evergreen tree fruit, sweet fruit, rich nutrition, meat smooth and juicy, which is rich "tropical fruit king" reputation. In order to speed up the molecular identification of mango cultivars (lines), five mango cultivars (Red Ivory Mango, Jinhuang Mango, Red Mango No. 6, Red Jade Mango, Nan Doc Mai No. 4 Mango) with different phenotypic characteristics were selected from 19 test materials to screen SSR marker primers. The primers with better polymorphism were obtained by PAGE electrophoresis. Then, the primers were labeled with 5'-end modification with HEX and FAM fluorescent labels. The size of the amplified fragments were detected by capillary electrophoresis, and the polymorphic sites of each pair of primers were coded by numbers and letters. Finally, DNA fingerprint and DNA molecular ID card of mango were constructed by capillary electrophoresis. The results show that nine pairs of primers with good polymorphism were screened from the developed SSR primers from 115 pair primers through PCR amplification and PAGE electrophoresis. The primers were named M9, M15, M35, M40, M53, M59, M101, M102, and M103. After capillary electrophoresis detection and data analysis, bar code DNA molecular identification and quick response code DNA molecular identification of the mango cultivars (lines) were obtained combined with "number+letter" processing. For example, the fingerprint code of Jinhuang Mango is 9EE9F8933, the fingerprint code of Qianshan Mango No. 2 is H6F7564IC, and the fingerprint code of Qianshan Mango No. 4 is 3DGE47279. Finally, with the fingerprint code and basic information of 19 materials as the carrier, barcode DNA molecular ID and two-dimensional code DNA molecular ID were generated by online barcode generation program and two-dimensional code generation program. This study laid a foundation for standardizing the construction of molecular identification database of DNA of mango, and could provide data reference for mango genetics and breeding and excellent gene excavating.

The purpose of the study is to ascertain the molecular mechanism of the albino mutation of Aristaloe aristata, screen related functional genes, and provide basis for the breeding. The Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform was used to carry out transcriptome high-throughput sequencing for normal leaf color seedlings WT, albino mutant ls and qj. The sequencing results were annotated and analyzed. A total of 67.72 Gb clean data was obtained. A total of 122 665 unigene annotation results were obtained from functional annotation. For the analysis of Unigenes expression, a total of 914 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ls were screened out, among them, 453 genes were up-regulated and 461 down-regulated. There were 1851 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screened in qj, of which up- and down-regulated genes were 868 and 983, respectively. According to a comparative analysis of GO functional enrichment and KEGG metabolic pathway, it was found that in the two mutant strains, there were many DEGs enriched in pigment accumulation, cell wall organization or biogenesis, cell wall, cell periphery, hydrolase activity of hydrolyzing o-glycosyl compounds, hydrolase activity acting on glycosyl bonds, and biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolism, while the DEGs related to photosynthesis were not significantly enriched. In the pathway related to photosynthesis, the expression of porA and cab13 were significantly down-regulated in mutant ls, and porA and moda were significantly down-regulated in mutant qj. The results of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed the consistency of the relative expression trend and the transcriptome data of these genes. The expression of the key gene, porA, which was down-regulated in both mutants, was assumed to be a key factor in the formation of albino seedlings of A. aristate since it was found to affect the enzymatic reaction of protochlorophyllin ester to chlorophyllin ester and thereby affecting the chlorophyll synthesis of the two mutants. Our study explored the transcriptome information of albinism mutation of A. aristate, screened the key genes with significant expression differences, and would provide an important theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of albinism mutation of A. aristate.

Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) brukill is a traditional miscellaneous grain in Hainan, and it is rich in polysaccharides. This study investigated the extraction process and anti-oxidant activity of the polysaccharides from D. esculenta by using the D. esculenta tuber powder as the raw material. The hot water extraction was used to optimize the extraction process of polysaccharides from D. esculenta by single factor experiments and three-factor and three-level L₉(3³) orthogonal tests. The crude polysaccharides from D. esculenta were purified by the Sveag method, dialysis, DEAE-52 cellulose column and SephadexG-100 gel column chromatography. The anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharide from D. esculenta was detected by DPPH method, hydroxyl radical method, superoxide anion method and reduction method. The optimal extraction method of the hot water extraction included temperature 70 ℃, solid-liquid ratio 1∶15, and extraction time 3 h. The polysaccharides extraction rate of D. esculenta was 1.94%. After multipleseparation and purification, neutral polysaccharides with uniform purity were obtained. The expriments of anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharides from D. esculenta showed that the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of polysaccharide from D. esculenta was weak. The polysaccharide from D. esculenta and scavenging rate of 1-5 mg/mL was maintained at about 10%, and with the increase of polysaccharide concentration, the scavenging capacity gradually decreased. The hydroxyl radical activity increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration, and the scavenging rate reached 34.74% at 5 mg/mL. The superoxide anion free radical activity decreased gradually with the increase of polysaccharide concentration, and the scavenging rate reached 67.35% at 1 mg/mL. The reduction capacity of polysaccharides was weak, and the reduction capacity of 1-5 mg/mL remained 0.17. In this study, the extraction process of polysaccharides from D. esculenta was optimized, and it had certain antioxidant activity. It would lay the foundation for the functional product development and the mechanism research of drug function of D. esculenta.

Streptomyces catenulae XG40 is a biocontrol strain with antagonism to pathogens of pomelo black spot. In this study, the whole-genome sequence of S. catenulae XG40 was completed by the third generation sequencing platform PacBio Sequel. Three contigs were obtained, including one chromosomal DNA and two plasmid DNA. The total length of the genome sequencing was 9 772 324 bp with 70.58% GC content, and 8074 protein-coding genes were predicted which were accounted for 96.41% of all genes. Forty-six putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were found in the genome using the online antiSMASH software, among twenty-four PKS and NRPS, which were accounted for 52.17% of all gene clusters. Seven putative gene clusters showed 100% similarities to known gene clusters: desferrioxamin B, pristinol, neoantimyci, 2-methylisoborneol, nigericin, ectoine, geosmin gene clusters. Four putative gene clusters showed more than 80% similarities to known gene clusters: miharamycin A/B, SW-163C/E/F/G/UK-63598, gilvocarcin V, coelibactin. Clusters analysis showed that S.catenulae XG40 had certain ability of the biosynthesis of nigericin and gilvocarcin V with antibacterial activity. The analysis of synteny indicated that genome insertion, deletion, rearrangement and translocation happened among the genomes of S. catenulae XG40, S. rhizosphaericus DSM 41760, S. malaysiensis DSM 14702, melanosporofaciens DSM 40318 and S. himastatinicus ATCC 53653. This research would provide a theoretical basis for further discovering biocontrol potential of XG40 and the secondary metabolites for agricultural biological control.

An early-maturing, high-yield, high-starch, wide-adaptability cassava cultivar was bred in Guangxi for fresh consumption or further processing. A newly bred F₁ progeny of crossing between the high-yield, XX048 as the female parent and the high-starch NZ199 as the male parent was generated by artificial pollination and induction through prediction of graft breeding. After seedling selection, single row and a series of primary, intermediate, and advanced tests as well as regional and production trials, Guire No. 13 (GR13) was selected. As showed in the several years trial, GR13 delivered an average tuber yield of 47.06 t/hm², starch content was 32.0%, which was 22.93% and 21.48, 3.74 and 5.30 percentage point higher than that of NZ199 and SC205; Dry matters content of 45.2%, which was 4.7 and 7.5 percentage point higher than that of NZ199 and SC205, and HCN content was 25.7 mg/kg, lower than that of NZ199 and SC205; a rich content of nutrients (based on FW), such as 0.73% on crude fiber, 42.87 mg/hg on vitamin C, 0.75 g/hg on protein, 3% on total sugar, 1.1% on soluble sugar. The early-maturing (over 27.0% on starch content after planted 180 days), high and stable yield GR13 with wide-adaptability was resistent to drought, cold and mites, and its leaves did not fall off easily. It could be adequately cultivated in current cassava-producing areas in Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces for either fresh consumption, further processing, or as a raw material for manufacturing starch products.

Cymbidium sinensis is a typical fragrant orchid variety with high economic and ornamental value. HS-SPME/GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile components of different flower organs in C. sinensis. Seven categories and 54 volatile components were detected, mainly composed of 21 aldehydes, 12 alcohols, 10 ketones, 5 benzenes, 2 furans, 2 acids and 2 terpenoids. There were 48 compounds presented in four different flower organs, including petals, sepals, labellums, and pistil columns, including 19 aldehydes, 10 alcohols, 9 ketones, 5 benzenes, 2 terpenoids, 2 furans and caproic acid. There were three components in petals, sepals and pistil columns, only two components were detected in sepals, and Acrolein was only detected in pistil columns. The results showed that there were significant differences in the volatile matter and content in different floral organs of flowers. A total of 49 volatile substances were detected in sepals, with the highest content reaching 99 106.15 μg/L, accounting for 35.88% of the total volatile organic compounds. Among which the highest content was cyclopentyl formaldehyde, which had the camphor flavor of mint. 51 volatile compounds were detected in the petals, with a substance content of 56 571.48 μg/L, accounting for 20.48% of the total volatile organic compounds, with the highest content being 1-penten-3-ol, which had a fruity aroma. A total of 48 volatile substances were detected in the labellum flap, with the lowest substance content of 41 645.32 μg/L, the proportion of total volatile organic compounds was 15.08%, among which the highest content of volatile substance was cyclopentyl formaldehyde. A total of 51 volatile compounds were detected in the pistil column, with a content of 78 868.68 μg/L, accounting for 28.56% of the total volatile organic compounds, with the highest content being hexanal, which presented a fresh oil, green grass, and apple aroma. Through principal component analysis, it was found that among the four flower organs, there was little difference between the lip and petal, while the pistil column had a greater difference from other organs, and the sepals also had a greater difference from other organs. Glutaraldehyde, hexanal, E-2-pentenal, E-2-hexenal, cyclopentyl formaldehyde, E-2-heptaneal, 1-penten-3-ol, E-2-penten-1-ol were the main volatile components released by floral organs. During the peak flowering period, the sepals of the flowers were the main floral organs that released volatile components, and there were significant differences in the content of floral aroma components among different floral organs.

At present, the safety of natural rubber resources in China is becoming increasingly prominent. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to carry out dynamic monitoring of natural rubber production. Based on the long-panel data set, the spatial distribution characteristics, and evolution of natural rubber in China from 1995 to 2020 were studied by using production scale index, production concentration index, production gravity analysis method, efficiency advantage index, scale advantage index and aggregated advantage index in this paper. The results showed that the distribution of natural rubber production in China gradually concentrated to Yunnan and Hainan from 1995 to 2020, and the production concentration index of Yunnan and Hainan reached 97.87% in 2020. Yunnan surpassed Hainan to become the most comparative advantage rubber planting area in China, and Hainan belonged to the comparative advantage area. At the same time, the spatial center of gravity moved to the northwest obviously, and the comparative disadvantages of Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian were more prominent. In the future, the spatial statistical analysis method based on multi-factor and multi-scale would become an important development direction of the research on the spatiotemporal evolution and prediction of natural rubber production distribution.

Verticillium wilt, a soil-borne disease caused by Verticillium spp., is one of the most important diseases in eggplant production. It seriously affects the yield and quality of eggplant. At present, the control methods for eggplant verticillium wilt are limited to grafting and chemical controls, but neither of them can prevent the occurrence of verticillium wilt. The best way to control Verticillium wilt is to explore the verticillium wilt resistance genes in eggplant and to breed some resistant eggplant varieties with genetic engineering technology. Solanum symbriifolium Lam. is a wild eggplant in Yunnan, China with a high Verticillium wilt resistance. PR genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins, which are closely related to plant disease defense. Among them, PR10 protein is a nuclease-like protein, and the defense mechanism of PR10 protein in S. sisymbriifolium is still unclear. In this study, a wild eggplant S. sisymbriifolium was used as the experimental material. The pathogenesis related protein 10 (PR10) homologous gene was isolated and cloned by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technology from the previously established transcriptome database of S. sisymbriifolium and named as SsPR-10. The cloned sequence length of SsPR-10 was 645 bp, and its coding region was 480 bp long, encoding a protein of 159 amino acids residues in total. And the bioinformatics analysis showed that SsPR-10 protein was an acidic hydrophilic protein with a molecular mass of 17.71 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 5.54. The prediction of transmembrane region and signal peptide showed that SsPR-10 protein had no transmembrane region and signal peptide. The prediction for subcellular localization showed that SsPR-10 was localized in the cytoplasm of plant cell. The results of conserved domain prediction showed that SsPR-10 contained a "P-LOOP" circle structure (sequence positions at 47-52 bp) and conserved sequence PATHOGENESIS_BETVI (sequence positions at 88-120 bp). The sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SsPR-10 protein had the highest homology with PR10 protein from S. virginianum, followed by STH-2 protein from S. tuberosum. The expression of SsPR-10 gene was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments, and the expression level of SsPR-10 was the highest in the root than in other organs of S. sisymbriifolium, showing a tissue specificity. The expression level of SsPR-10 was multiplied to 8.16 times at 24 h after inoculation with V. dahliae, indicating that verticillium wilt might induce the expression of SsPR-10. In this study, SsPR-10 gene was cloned and its expression pattern was analyzed in the wild eggplant S. sisymbriifolium for the first time, which will provide a theoretical basis for further studying the mechanism of SsPR-10 responding to Verticillium wilt and other biological stresses.