The accurate detection of coke overflow in high-dust environments is a pivotal challenge in achieving intelligent coke loading. A method was proposed to address this issue for the intelligent detection of coke loading overflow, which was based on dark channel prior knowledge and the ResNet network. Firstly, a video collector was used to obtain video information of the coke loading scene, and the original time-series video image frames were processed to obtain the region of interest between the discharge port and the loader. Secondly, the prior knowledge method of dark channels was employed to process the regions of interest. Enhancing the contrast between the target areas and irrelevant areas within the regions of interest, thereby mitigating the effects of dust on subsequent detection models. Moreover, the problem of overflow detection was transformed into a binary classification task by labeling the regions of interest based on the actual loading of coke. Finally, the ResNet network was utilized for modeling, enabling the completion of model training and experimentation during the loading process of newly acquired coke. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits promising performance on new data, achieving an overall accuracy of 86.81%. Specifically, the accuracy, recall, and F1 score for the overflow class are 84. 12%, 90.74%, and 0.8730, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the dark channel prior algorithm in data processing results in a notable increase in the recall rate of the overflow class by 3.31%.

Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images plays a crucial role in agriculture production, urban planning, and other fields. However, due to factors like imaging distance, lighting conditions, objects, and environment, there is a problem of semantic ambiguity in remote sensing images, which leads to uncertainty in segmentation. A multi-scale context attention (MSCA) method that combined pyramid pooling with attention mechanisms to better utilize contextual information was proposed for this problem. Additionally, this method significantly reduced the computational complexity and memory usage of attention methods. Experimental results on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset demonstrate that the MSCA method achieves superior segmentation performance for target classification with ambiguous semantic information in remote sensing images while almost not increasing memory consumption and maintaining consistent inference speed.

In order to promote the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of rural areas in western Inner Mongolia, the data collected from the survey and literature was combined, the energy consumption of farmhouses was jointly simulated through DeST and Trnsys software, single factor analysis was carried out, the orthogonal test method was used to obtain multiple schemes, and the gray fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on random forest algorithm was used to comprehensively optimize the enclosure structure and heating system, and selected the most suitable green and low-carbon farmhouse scheme in western Inner Mongolia. The results show that the optimal scheme of green and low-carbon farmhouses in western Inner Mongolia is as follows: the building is facing north and south, the floor height is${3.4}\mathrm{\;m}$, the ground is${20}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$polystyrene extruded polystyrene board (XPS) thermal insulation tile floor, the roof is${120}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$expanded polystyrene foam board (EPS) insulation board inverted concrete block roof, the external wall is${160}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$polystyrene extruded polystyrene board (XPS) insulation board external insulation concrete block wall, the external window is$6\mathrm{C}+ {12}\mathrm{{Ar}}+ 6\mathrm{C}6\mathrm{\;{mm}}$double-layer ordinary glass inert gas plastic steel window, the south-facing window-to-wall ratio is 0.5, the north-facing window-to-wall ratio is 0.5, and the sunlight depth is${1.2}\mathrm{\;m}$. The material of the sunshine room is$6\mathrm{C}+ {12}\mathrm{{Ar}}+ 6\mathrm{C}6\mathrm{\;{mm}}$double-layer inert gas ordinary glass + plastic steel window frame + thermal insulation curtains, and the wind power generation efficiency is${45}\%$. The heating energy consumption of the optimal scheme is${2661.15}\mathrm{\;{kW}}\cdot \mathrm{h}$,the average indoor temperature on the coldest day is${11.62}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$, the carbon emission reduction is${10.02}\mathrm{\;t}/\mathrm{a}$, the solar heat gain is${67702.75}\mathrm{\;{kW}}$, and the net present value$> 0$, which is economical and has a certain degree of popularization in the rural areas of western Inner Mongolia, providing a development direction for the green and low-carbon transformation of rural houses in western Inner Mongolia.

In response to the common forms of specimens used for interface shear performance testing, these specimens fail to effectively reflect the actual situation of shear stress on the interface. An optimized improvement scheme for the traditional Z-type specimen was proposed. By employing the optimized Z-type specimen, experimental studies on the shear strength at the interface between ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and normal concrete (NC) were conducted, examining the influence of shear reinforcement ratio and interface roughness on the interface shear strength. The research results indicate that the failure occurs on the NC side or partially on the interface and partially on the NC side, which is characteristic of typical brittle failure. The shear strength of the interface increases with the increase of roughness, but when the roughness is larger than the value of 1.8, the effect of increasing interface roughness to enhance the interface shear strength is not very significant. Ribbed reinforcement as shear reinforcement can fully exert the anchoring effect and the effect of improving the interface shear strength is more evident than that of smooth-round reinforcement. A calculation formula for the interface shear capacity of UHPC and NC, which can consider the contribution of shear reinforcement and interface roughness, has been established. The theoretical calculation values are in good agreement with the experimental results, which can provide reference for the engineering design of composite components with UHPC and NC interfaces.

Reinforcement and water sealing effect difficult to achieve by conventional stratum grouting method in strong seepage sandy soil stratum. In order to study the mechanical characteristics of freezing-grouting combination in water-rich sand stratum, the stress-strain relationship and its influencing factors of artificially frozen cement sand were studied by triaxial tests, and the variation law and strength mechanism of stress-strain relationship of samples under different freezing temperature, curing age and confining pressure were discussed. The results show that the stress-strain curve of frozen cement-sand has a certain strain-hardened nonlinear ductility stage including compaction stage linear elasticity stage nonlinear ductility stage and strain-hardening stage. The non-linear increase of cohesion and internal angle of frozen cement-sand due to the curing age of freezing temperature increases the shear strength of frozen cement-sand, and the non-linear ductility phase strain ratio enhances the brittleness of frozen cement-sand. The increase of confining pressure increases the shear strength of frozen cement-sand, and the proportion of strain in nonlinear ductility stage improves the ductility of frozen cement-sand. Based on Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, a non-linear strength prediction model of frozen cement sand was established, which considered the influence of freezing temperature and curing age. The error between the predicted results and the measured values is less than 5% The research results can provide parameter support for the fine design of freezing-grouting combined reinforcement scheme for water-rich sandy soil stratum.

In order to explore the effect of dry-wet cycles in acidic environment on the physical and mechanical properties of limestone, and to evaluate the long-term stability of limestone rock mass in this environment, the limestone of the Jinfo Mountain of the Nanchuan District in Chongqing was selected as research subject. The limestone specimens were exposed to dry-wet cycles under neutral and acidic environments. The specimens were treated through mass loss test, hygroscopic property test, uniaxial compression test and tensile test. The results show that under the condition of the same pH of the soaking solution, with the increase of the times of dry-wet cycles, the mass loss rate and saturation water absorption rate of specimens increase; the tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus gradually decrease; with the same times of dry-wet cycles, the lower the pH of the soaking solution leads to the more serious the loss of physical and mechanical properties. Based on the experimental results, the damage theory, Weibull distribution, Lemaitre strain equivalence hypothesis and Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) strength criterion, the damage constitutive model of limestone by using a quadratic function to characterize the nonlinear features of the compaction stage of stress-strain curve was established and validated.

Based on the field pull destructive test of 9 anti-floating anchor of screw-thread steel bars in a foundation pit anti-float project in Qingdao, the load-displacement characteristics of anti-floating anchor of screw-thread steel bars under different anchoring lengths were studied, and the bearing performance of anti-floating anchor of screw-thread steel bars was determined. The results show that the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the anti-floating anchor of screw-thread steel bars with the same diameter is 681 kN for the 3.0 m and 3.5 m anchors anchored in medium-weathered granite, and 1 004 kN for the 4.0 m anchors anchored in medium-weathered granite. At the initial stage of loading, the displacement of anchor head increase linearly, and with the increase of load, the displacement of anchor head increase abruptly, all of which exceed 50 mm. The agreement between the hyperbolic function and the power function load-displacement curve model and the measured value is good when the load level is low, but is relatively poor when the failure is near, and the predicted ultimate tensile strength is much different from the measured value. The exponential function load-displacement curve model can predict the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of the test anchors with high accuracy and good agreement with the measured curve.

To investigate the deformation mechanism of underground electrical conduits in soft soil considering the softening effect under traffic loads, a USDFLD subroutine was developed based on the dynamic modulus attenuation model. This subroutine was imported into ABAQUS software to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of electrical conduits buried in soft soil foundations. The finite element method was used to analyze the dynamic response of underground electrical conduits under traffic loads. The effects of different traffic load magnitudes (${50}\%$full load,100% full load,200% overload,300% overload) and burial depths (800,850,900,950mm)on the mechanical properties of electrical conduits were studied. The results show that the softening effect of soft soil has a significant impact on the dynamic response of electrical conduits under traffic loads. As the traffic load magnitude increases, the settlement of the electrical conduit gradually increases, and the strain at the bottom of the conduit shifts from symmetric to asymmetric distribution, with an increase in the strain concentration area. Increasing the burial depth of the electrical conduit can significantly reduce the impact of traffic loads on the conduit. When the burial depth increases from${800}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$to${950}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, the vertical displacement decreases by${39}\%$. The research results provide a scientific basis for the design and construction of power pipes in soft soil areas, and help optimize the depth of pipe embedding and cope with the influence of different traffic loads.

The occurrence of natural gas leaks in buried gas pipelines is a serious safety event that can have significant economic and environmental impacts. For large-diameter high-pressure gas transmission pipelines, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to establish a three-dimensional numerical model that included a${1.4}\mathrm{\;m}$diameter pipeline and the surrounding soil, to study the leakage characteristics of high-pressure gas through a pre-set leak hole in the soil. The CFD model considered the soil as a porous medium material, used the Redlich-Kwong equation of state to describe the temperature-pressure effects of high-pressure gas, and combined species transport and turbulence models to study the impact of leak hole diameter and internal pipeline pressure on leakage rate and temperature distribution. The results show that the leakage rate increases with the increase of hole diameter and pressure. When the leak hole diameter varies from 10 to${50}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$, the leakage rate increases by${77.78}\%$. Ambient temperature can cause the soil temperature field distribution to take different forms. When the ambient temperature is low, the temperature-pressure effect produced by the leakage of high-temperature gas inside the pipeline will be weakened. When the ambient temperature is close to the temperature of the gas inside the pipeline, a detectable temperature change area is produced in the buried range of 0.7 to 1.2 m above the leak hole. The research results help to understand the leakage characteristics and temperature change patterns of buried large-diameter high-pressure gas transmission pipelines, providing a theoretical basis for the layout of pipeline leak monitoring optical cables.

The piers of sea-crossing bridge are always subject to the scouring effect of flow and waves. The flow environment around the piers is complex. There is a risk of foundation erosion, endangering the safety of the bridge. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the open-source software OpenFOAM, three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow field around the inclined oblong pier were conducted with different inclination angles and length-to-width ratios$\left({L/D}\right)$. The results demonstrate that under the influence of wave and current, a symmetrically distributed vortex is formed behind the pier and undergoes periodic changes. The wake vortex constantly strengthens and moves backward as the trough approaches the pier. It reaches the maximum than gradually reduces and dissipates before the crest reaches the pier. With an increased downstream inclination angle, the pier tends to be streamlined, resulting the decreasing of wake vortex intensity and the horizontal load of pier. As the length-to-width ratio$\left({L/D}\right)$increases, the tail vortex area behind the bridge pier decreases and the horizontal load increases. Within the range of$L/D = 1$to 3 and a range of$-{30}^{\circ }$to${30}^{\circ }$, the minimal load on the pier is achieved when$L/D$is 1 and inclination angle is${10}^{\circ }$.