ABR(auditory brainstem response) is an objective method for detecting hearing loss, which is widely used in clinical practice, and its waveform characteristics are influenced by stimulus parameters. There are stimulus artifacts in ABR measured using unipolar stimulus, and alternating polarity is currently the only way to eliminate stimulus artifacts. However, considering the physiological differences in the effects of stimuli with different polarities on the auditory system, alternating polarity stimuli may lead to latency jitter in the induced ABR. Therefore, a new method was proposed to eliminate stimulus artifacts-the method of division and sum polarity, which first used positive and negative stimuli separately and then superimposed the two responses induced. The subjects with normal hearing were recruited, and their data that the click ABRs under four polarity ways (positive polarity, negative polarity, alternating polarity, division and sum polarity), as well as the tone-burst ABRs at five frequencies under two polarity ways (alternating polarity and division and sum polarity) were compared, with a focus on their waveform differentiation and latency differences. The results show that the difference in click ABRs under different polarity ways is insignificant, indicating that it is not sensitive to stimulus polarity. The waveform of low-frequency tone-burst ABRs is better under division and sum polarity than under alternating polarity, indicating that the low-frequency tone-burst ABR is more sensitive to stimulus polarity, and the sensitivity decreases with the increase of stimulus frequency. Based on the analysis of the above results, it is recommended to use unipolar stimulus for the click ABR, and the division and sum polarity method for the tone-burst ABR. The feasibility of the division and sum polarity method is validated in this study, which provides a new approach for eliminating stimulus artifacts when measuring evoked potentials.

Vehicle performance and energy efficiency can be significantly enhanced by PGS-FHEP (planetary gear set based flywheel hybrid electric powertrain). The main components were designed and matched, and DP (dynamic programming) control strategy was introduced based on ECMS (equivalent consumption minimization strategy) to obtain the optimal SOC (state of charge ) trajectory. The initial optimal equivalent factor obtained by GA (genetic algorithm) was adjusted in real time to ensure that the actual SOC trajectory is consistent with the optimal trajectory. Thus, a real-time A-ECMS (adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy) was built, and the three control strategies were simulated and compared under CLTC-C (China light-duty commercial vehicle test cycle) condition. The results show that under the control of A-ECMS, compared with the traditional ECMS, the comprehensive energy consumption of FHEV (flywheel hybrid electric vehicle) equipped with the PGS-FHEP is reduced by 2.51%, and the control effect is closer to the DP control strategy. The energy recovery rate of the PGS-FHEP is 57.72%, of which 23.64% is recovered in the form of mechanical energy. In addition, the participation of the flywheel significantly reduces the peak power of the battery during energy recovery process.

Utilizing the PyroSim numerical simulation method, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the smoke pull-through phenomenon in a top-central exhaust system under conditions of counter-flowing jets, with a focus on the effects of various exhaust powers. Changes in smoke layer thickness, temperature distribution, and airflow velocity within tunnels were investigated under conditions of enhanced exhaust efficiency. Critical exhaust efficiency thresholds associated with smoke pull-through phenomena were identified across varying heat release rates of fire sources. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through in centralized exhaust systems was established under counter-flowing jet conditions, along with the critical exhaust rate coefficient required to prevent such occurrences. The findings revealed that as the exhaust power increased, the exhaust port R3, located farthest from the fire source, was the first to experience smoke pull-through, followed by R2, while R1 remained unaffected. An increase in the heat release rate of the fire source led to a corresponding rise in the critical exhaust power threshold for smoke pull-through. A moderate increase in exhaust power could improve exhaust performance; however, exceeding a specific critical value would trigger smoke pull-through, thereby reducing exhaust efficiency. At heat release rates of 20 MW, 30 MW, and 50 MW, the critical exhaust powers were identified as 80 m³/s, 100 m³/s, and 150 m³/s, respectively, with optimal exhaust powers of 50 m³/s, 70 m³/s, and 110 m³/s. Furthermore, the critical Froude number for smoke pull-through was determined to be 35, and the critical exhaust rate coefficient was 0.8.These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of exhaust systems, enhancing efficiency, and promoting energy conservation.

Under the overarching vision of Healthy China, the imperative to investigate the design of health-oriented streets has gained paramount importance, aligning with the humanistic and sustainable evolution of urban landscapes. Addressing the limitations of existing health street evaluation methodologies marked by intricate indices, misalignment with the current state of China’s streetscapes, and a dearth of quantitative scrutiny, exploratory factor analysis was employed to distill latent variables. Through a structured approach encompassing health questionnaire analysis, structural equation modeling, and the quantification of health determinants, the research localizes health parameters and constructs a robust, quantifiable evaluation framework for street health. The analysis uncovers that four latent variables demonstrating significant positive correlations with street health outcomes, listed in descending order of influence magnitude: street quality improvement, accessible transportation provision, vibrant block development, and healthy environment promotion. The structural equation model-based quantitative analysis of street health elements furnishes scientific and empirical underpinnings for the development of superior health-conscious urban blocks. This methodological advancement not only refines the precision of street design geared towards health but also elevates the living standards of residents, thereby contributing to the realization of Healthy China’s aspirations.

Pressure drop plays an important effect on the performance of fiber filter-stick, and is determined by the materials and geometry structure. In order to develop a method to design and guide the production of the fiber filter, the multiple regression method uses the density of fiber tow, length, and circumference of the sticker as the argument to train the pressure drop model based on the production data. The fiber filter is modeled as multizone represented as the fiber tow and the forming paper. The flow dynamics in these zones are simulated based on the porous media model. The osmotic coefficients represent the pressure drop in the zone packed with the fiber tow. The simulation results show that the pressure drop is positively correlated with the length of the fiber rob, and the type of filter tow has a greater influence on the pressure drop than the circumference. For the design of the fiber filter, the regression model is first used to obtain the consumption of the fiber tow based on the design pressure drop. Then the simulation based on the porous media model is carried out to validate the prediction. If the error between the two methods is within 10%, this predicted fiber stick can be produced. By analyzing the production data and the prediction from models, it is concluded that the method proposed in this work is sufficient to direct the design and production.

A novel clustering approach combining Kmeans++ and PAM was introduced to segment the daily load curve chronologically for the dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks incorporating time-varying wind solar power and loads. Multi-objective dynamic reconfiguration model of distribution network based on the optimal objectives of comprehensive cost, voltage offset and load balance. To enhance the computational efficiency of the model, an INOA(improved Nutcracker optimization algorithm) was proposed, which used Tent mapping+quasi-reflection learning to provide high-quality initial population. Dynamic fitness-distance balance selection method and tangential flight strategy were introduced to enhance the global search capability. The Cauchy-Gaussian variation perturbation was incorporated to augment the algorithm’s capability to escape from local optima. Using the IEEE 33-node system as a basis, the outcomes indicate that the suggested approach effectively achieves optimal load distribution and efficiently addresses the restructured model.

In the southern Great Xing'an Range, the Xishala area exposes a substantial amount of Mesozoic strata of Xinmin Formation (J₂x) and Manketouebo Formation (J₃m). However, due to the presence of rhyolite in the rock association, it is easy to confuse the stratigraphic division and lead to disputes of the stratigraphic attribution of rhyolite. Therefore, zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristic analysis of the rhyolites were conducted, and stratigraphic sections of the Xinmin and Manketouebo Formations were compared to explore the formation age, tectonic setting, and stratigraphic attribution of the rhyolites. The results indicate that the geochemical characteristics of the riolites in Xishala area are high SiO₂ content (The value of mean is 75.74%.), rich alkali content [mean(Na₂O+K₂O)=7.69%] and low Mg and Ca content, belonging to peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline series. The Chondrite-normalized REE pattern is right-dip type, with relative enrichment of LREE and relative depletion of HREE, the value of (La/Yb)_Nis between 10.61~14.21 and strong negative Eu anomaly (The value of δEu is between 0.44~0.53.). LILE(large ion lithophilic elements) such as Rb, Ba and K are relatively enriched, while HFSE(high field strength elements) such as Nb, Ta and Ti are relatively depleted, indicating that the magma originated from crustal materials. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the age of the rhyolite is (167.7±2.6) Ma, belonging to the Middle Jurassic, and it formes in the extensional tectonic action after the closure of the Mongolian-Okhotsk ocean. Based on the comparative study of regional geology and sectional rock assemblage types, the rhyolite belongs to the Manketouebo Formation.

To solve the engineering problem of unclear standards and strong subjective experience when shield tunneling drivers set excavation parameters, which makes it difficult to control the shield tunneling attitude, an intelligent prediction model for shield tunneling attitude that considers the comprehensive effect of geological conditions, tunnel structure, and excavation parameters was proposed. Firstly, AWPSO (adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimization) algorithm was established. Then, a shield attitude prediction model was constructed by combining GRU (gated recurrent unit) neural network, where the AWPSO algorithm was used to determine the optimal combination of hyperparameters in the GRU neural network. Finally, a case study was conducted to verify the on-site monitoring data between Zhangjiang Station and Resort Station on the Shanghai Suburban Railway Airport Connection Line. The results indicate that the proposed shield tunneling attitude prediction model based on AWPSO-GRU has high reliability and engineering practicality, which can provide reference and basis for setting construction parameters during shield tunneling.

Small sensors powered by wind-solar hybrid power supply do not require regular replacement of the power supply, and can be deployed in various remote areas. However, in practice, the photovoltaic panels are prone to accumulation of dirt, resulting in reduced power generation, and the rotating parts of small wind turbines are also very prone to failure. A wind-solar hybrid power device with a simple structure and self-cleaning capability was designed, and its solar and wind energy collection performance was experimentally evaluated based on meteorological statistical data. Moreover, the vibration cleaning efficacy of the photovoltaic panels under various dust coverage levels was compared. The research results show that the device can generate a maximum output power of 77.28 mW under simulated clear weather conditions (light intensity of 948.1 W/m²). The starting wind speed of wind energy collection based on piezoelectric and vortex-induced vibration effects is around 1.5 m/s, and a wind speed of 4.3 m/s in the experiments can generate an output power of 4.63 mW. After vortex-induced vibration cleaning of the photovoltaic module with different dust coverage densities, the output power of solar energy collection can be restored to over 84% of the clean state. This study presents a new technical solution for maintenance-free small-scale micro power generation equipment in remote areas.

Formation RF (radio frequency) systems compatibility is an important comprehensive ability that affects the survival and combat effectiveness of aircraft formation. It needs to be effectively assessed and verified through flight tests, and simulation can further optimize test design and improve test efficiency. Thus, a flight test method for formation RF systems compatibility based on simulation prediction was proposed. Firstly, the development trend of RF compatibility and is its capability requirements were summarized and analyzed. Secondly, a simulation model of formation RF systems compatibility based on interference conflict was proposed, and a flight test method of formation RF systems compatibility based on the interference conflict distance from simulation analysis was established. Finally, simulation analysis and flight profile design were conducted for a typical formation RF compatibility test. This study has provided an effective method for the test profile design and flight verification of formation RF systems compatibility.